快速检验技术在自制炸药爆炸事故现场勘查中的应用

针对自制炸药爆炸事故造成人员伤亡、财产损失巨大,社会影响恶劣的情况,采用红外光谱法(IR)和拉曼光谱法(Raman)等快速检验技术对爆炸现场的遗留物、残留物和抛散物等进行检验、初步定性和来源推断。通过一起自制炸药爆炸事故的现场勘查和物证临场快速检验,实现了对自制炸药主要组分的快速推断和爆炸现场重建,并对爆炸事故原因进行了分析判定,可为同类爆炸事故现场快速勘验和原因分析提供借鉴,对提升爆炸事故现场勘查效率,实现爆炸事故原因快速认定具有重要的应用价值,并对查清犯罪事实,打击犯罪和维护社会稳定有着重要的作用。     

HFZ 炸药撞击感度数据分析

通过对一种新型粉状炸药ＨＦＺ炸药的特性落高数据进行多元线性回归分析,本文得出了三个具有实用意义的拟合式,可用于掌握ＨＦＺ炸药的撞击感度以及指导配方调节．     

弹体头部形状对穿甲爆破弹穿甲性能影响的仿真

为给某穿甲爆破(Armor Piercing High Explosive, APHE)弹优化设计提供参考,运用ANSYS/LS DYNA对某小口径火炮穿甲爆破弹以不同着角、不同着速侵彻不同厚度均质钢靶板的过程进行仿真,得到弹丸穿靶过程中的速度变化规律以及穿靶后的形态、存速和剩余动能等.仿真结果表明：对弹体头部形状和尺寸进行优化设计可以提高弹丸的穿甲性能,其中将弹体头部改为截锥形,弹丸穿靶后剩余动能提高5.3％;弹体头部形状对弹丸穿甲强度也有影响,其中尖锥形最差,截锥形最优;随着着角的增大,弹丸剩余动能越来越小,当着角达到65°时会出现跳弹现象.     

低冲击火工解锁螺栓的内弹道特性分析

为适应高速导弹级间分离系统的需要,设计了一种楔块式火工解锁螺栓,建立了其作用过程的内弹道模型并进行了仿真计算;通过试验测试了这种连接分离机构腔内燃气压力-时间曲线、分离体内筒的位移-时间曲线以及其他性能参数,得到了其分离时间为14.60 ms,分离冲量为1.667 N.s,冲击加速度为3 932g,最大拉伸承载力为21.1 kN.试验结果与内弹道模型仿真结果和试验结果基本一致,均可反映楔块式火工解锁螺栓的分离运动特性.     

Investigation on the explosive welding mechanism of corrosion-resisting alu-minum and stainless steel tubes through finite element simulation and experi-ments

To solve the difficulty in the explosive welding of corrosion-resistant aluminum and stainless steel tubes, three technologies were proposed after investigating the forming mechanism through experiments. Then, a 3D finite element model was established for systematic simulations in the parameter determination. The results show that the transition-layer approach, the coaxial initial assembly of tubes with the top-center-point the detonation, and the systematic study by numerical modeling are the key technologies to make the explosive welding of LF6 aluminum alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel tubes feasible. Numerical simulation shows that radial contraction and slope collision through continuous local plastic deformation are necessary for the good bonding of tubes. Stand-off distances between tubes (D1 and D2) and explosives amount (R) have effect on the plastic deformation, moving velocity, and bonding of tubes. D1 of 1 mm, D2 of 2 mm, and R of 2/3 are suitable for the explosive welding of LF6-L2-1Cr18Ni9Ti three-layer tubes. The plastic strain and moving velocity of the flyer tubes in-crease with the increase of stand-off distance. More explosives (R2/3) result in the asymmetrical distribution of plastic strain and non-bonding at the end of detonation on the tubes.     

地下厂房岩壁吊车梁的爆破试验

为了保证地下厂房岩壁吊车梁的成型,使之在超欠挖控制在设计要求的范围内,岩壁吊车梁正式开挖前进行了爆破试验,试验结果证明,爆破效果良好,所选取的爆破参数满足岩壁吊车梁开挖要求。     

高速率成形技术进展

高速率成形技术包括爆炸成形技术、液电成形技术和电磁成形技术。高速率成形技术成形力量大,成形时间短,成形装置简单,可在室温下对高强度难成形材料进行成形加工。综述了高速率成形技术的原理、特点和应用,重点就高速率成形目前的两项研究重点——成形效率和成形性能,分析了结合传统准静态液压预成形和高速率最终成形的混合成形加工工艺方面的研究进展,混合成形加工工艺有效提高了成形效率和成形性能,对高速率成形条件对材料成形性能的影响进行了归纳和讨论。     

近场空爆载荷作用下船体板变形估算方法

鉴于目前我国舰船空中爆炸结构响应试验数据的匮乏以及对复杂结构采用理论求得解析解的困难,对船体板结构在空中近场爆炸载荷作用下的破坏估算方法进行研究.根据爆轰波理论及气体膨胀理论计算出空中近场爆炸载荷的形式及其正压作用时间,应用应力波及塑性动力学理论推导船体板结构的变形,得到不同空爆工况下船体板的破口大小及挠度.通过算例进行验证,计算结果与经验值良好吻合.所推导的估算方法应用于舰船结构在空中近场爆炸冲击波作用下产生的毁伤能够满足工程计算精度要求,可作为舰船防护结构的设计依据.     

活性瓷釉涂层钢纤维混凝土板动、静力学特性研究

活性瓷釉涂层是近几年才开始系统研究的一项新型钢筋涂层技术.活性瓷釉涂层能够显著增强钢筋与混凝土黏结能力和钢筋的抗腐蚀能力,成本低廉,工艺简单,利于大范围使用.对活性瓷釉涂层钢筋的黏结强度和防腐蚀能力进行了论述,并通过钢纤维混凝土板的动、静力试验,验证了活性瓷釉涂层应用于钢筋混凝土结构防爆中的可行性.研究表明,活性瓷釉涂层能够提高钢筋、钢纤维与混凝土的黏结性能,从而改善结构的整体性,显著增强结构承载能力和抵御爆炸荷载的能力.     

Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of an Expanding Multifront Detonation Wave

Results of experimental investigations of an expanding multifront detonation wave are presented. Two stages of spontaneous formation of new disturbances and transverse waves on the expanding detonationwave front are observed. The main mechanisms of reinitiation of detonation waves are discussed. Twodimensional numerical simulation of the dynamics of a multifront detonation wave in a linearly expanding channel is performed. The effect of spontaneous formation of new disturbances and new transverse waves is confirmed by computations, and the main mechanism of multiplication of transverse waves is the instability of detonationwavefront elements at the stage they cease to be in the overdriven state and are attenuated during expansion.