金属氧化物半导体气敏传感器的研究和开发进展

综述了近期国内外金属氧化物半导体气敏传感器的研究和开发进展；阐述了半导体气敏材料的气敏作用及机理；展望了今后半导体气敏传感器技术的发展趋向。     

Application of the general rate model with the Maxwell-Stefan equations for the prediction of the band profiles of the 1-indanol enantiomers

The adsorption isotherm data of R- and S-1-indanol and of their racemic mixture on cellulose tribenzoate were measured by frontal analysis. These experimental data were fitted to the single-component and the modified competitive Bilangmuir isotherms. The overloaded elution profiles of bands of the pure enantiomers and of the racemic mixture were calculated for different sample sizes, using the best competitive isotherm model and the General Rate Model of chromatography coupled with the generalized Maxwell-Stefan equation that describes the surface diffusion flux. The calculated and the experimental profiles were found to be in excellent agreement in all cases. The parameters of the model of the mass transfer kinetics were derived from the band profiles obtained for the pure enantiomers. The same values of these parameters give an excellent prediction of the profiles of multicomponent bands. The new model described here allows a satisfactory interpretation of the competitive mass transfer kinetics.     

In situ synchrotron X-ray studies on copper-nickel 5 V Mn oxide spinel cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Partial substitution of Mn in lithium manganese oxide spinel materials by Cu and Ni greatly affects the electrochemistry and the cycle life characteristics of the cathode. Substitution with either metal or a combination of both metals in the spinel lattice structure reduces the 3.9-4.2 V potential plateaus associated with the conversion of Mn³⁺ to Mn⁴⁺. Higher potential plateau associated with oxidation of the substituted transition elements is also observed. These substituents also significantly alter the onset of Jahn-Teller distortions in the 3 V potential plateau. Synchrotron based in situ X-ray absorption (XAS) was used to determine the exact nature of the oxidation state changes in order to explain the overall observed capacities at different potential plateaus. The studies on LiCu_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ show single phase behavior in the 4-5 V potential region with a good cycle life. Lower cycle life characteristic observed in cycling LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ and LiNi_0.25Cu_0.25Mn_1.5O₄ versus Li metal are ascribed to coexistence of several phases in this potential region. However, LiCu_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ shows onset of Jahn-Teller distortions in the 3 V potential plateau, in contrast to LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ and LiNi_0.25Cu_0.25Mn_1.5O₄ cathode materials.     

Single-machine parallel-batching scheduling with family jobs to minimize weighted number of tardy jobs

We consider the problem of scheduling n jobs in batches on a single parallel-batching machine, where the jobs are partitioned into jobs families and the jobs in each family have the same due date. The objective is to minimize the weighted number of tardy jobs. We first devise an efficient pseudo-polynomial time and a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the weighted problem. Then we present $O(n^2)$-time and $O(n\log n)$-time algorithms for the case where the jobs have the same weight and for the case where the jobs have the same processing time, respectively.     

碳黑水分离技术的研究

脱油沥青作为谢尔气化工艺的气化原料生产化肥在国内尚属首次,由于沥青原料中的灰分和重金属比渣油原料大得多,若仍采用石脑油萃取碳黑技术,灰分和重金属随碳黑返回气化装置,将造成设备的堵塞、磨损,无法保证设备安稳长期运行.通过对碳黑水分离技术进行多方面的研究,寻找到适宜的工艺路线与解决方案.     

Synthesis and metal uptake studies on poly(8‐hydroxy‐5‐azoquinolinephenylacrylate‐formaldehyde) resin and its metal complexes

8‐hydroxy‐5‐azoquinolinephenylacrylate‐formaldehyde (8H5AQPA‐F) macromonomer was prepared from acryloylchloride, with condensation products of 8‐hydroxy‐5‐azoquinolinephenol‐formaldehyde, and polymerized in DMF at 70°C using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator. Poly(8H5AQPA‐F) was characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Polychelates were obtained in alkaline solution of polymeric ligand, with the aqueous solution of Cu(II) and Ni(II). Elemental analysis of polychelates suggests that the metal to ligand ratio is about 1:2. The polymer metal complexes were also characterized by IR, XRD, magnetic moments, and thermal analysis. The effects of pH and electrolyte on the metal uptake behavior of the resin were also studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 797–802, 2007     

Improved activity and thermostability of Candida antarctica lipase B by DNA family shuffling

DNA family shuffling was used to create chimeric lipase B proteins with improved activity toward the hydrolysis of diethyl 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)glutarate (DDG). Three homologous lipases from Candida antarctica ATCC 32657, Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91 and Crytococcus tsukubaensis ATCC 24555 were cloned and shuffled to generate a diverse gene library. A high-throughput screening assay was developed and used successfully to identify chimeric lipase B proteins having a 20-fold higher activity toward DDG than lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 and a 13-fold higher activity than the most active parent derived from C.tsukubaensis ATCC 24555. In addition, the stability characteristics of several highly active chimeric proteins were also improved as a result of family shuffling. For example, the half-life at 45 degrees C and melting point (T(m)) of one chimera exceeded those of lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 by 11-fold and 6.4 degrees C, respectively, which closely approached the stability characteristics of the most thermostable parent derived from Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91.     

Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic ester mesogen and a nonmesogenic ferrocene unit in the spacer

A new series of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic triad ester mesogen and 1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocene as a nonmesogenic unit along with polymethylene spacer was synthesized. The polymer was synthesized by a room temperature polycondensation reaction between bis(4‐chloroformyl phenyloxy alkyl ferrocene dicarboxylate) and quinol. The alkyl groups have been varied by an even number of methylene groups with a range from two to ten groups. All the polymers were found to possess liquid crystalline properties. The identification of the mesophase is more transparent with an increase in the spacer. The thermal characteristics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results reveal that the thermal stability of the polymers was decreased with increasing spacer length. The T_g, T_m, and T_i of the polymers decreased with increasing methylene groups. The incorporation of the ferrocene moiety also has a considerable effect on the glass transition temperature. The char yield of the polymer decreases with an increasing methylene chain length. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3494–3501, 2002     

Semiochemicals and Social Signaling in the Wild European Rabbit in Australia: I. Scent Profiles of Chin Gland Secretion from the Field

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) uses the secretion of the chin gland in the maintenance of social status. Previous work has concentrated on secretion collected directly from the animal. In this study, the analysis was conducted by collecting scent marks made by free-ranging animals. Scent marks were found to be concentrated at the center of the area controlled by a social group, and at the boundaries between two adjacent social groups. Only the mark from dominant animals could be identified. Marks were also collected from the skin of rabbits, where they had been placed by the dominant individual. The mark found on the head of a subordinate animal may, in the future, be used to identify the dominant animal of the social group, who placed the mark.