烟气暴露对大鼠代谢轮廓谱的影响

运用基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法研究了不同卷烟烟气暴露对大鼠内源小分子代谢物组的影响。分别建立了大鼠血清和尿液的代谢轮廓谱,分析了烟气暴露7天、14天和30天时对照组大鼠、普通卷烟暴露组大鼠及含有天然本草添加剂的某品牌卷烟暴露组大鼠的血浆和尿液样本,采用偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）对数据进行模式识别。结果表明,普通卷烟和天然本草添加卷烟均会影响大鼠整体代谢状态,干扰大鼠磷脂、能量代谢,并对其造成氧化损伤,但天然本草添加卷烟对大鼠的损伤程度低于普通卷烟。在烟气暴露30天时,一些重要标志物在各组相对含量的变化进一步证实了天然本草添加卷烟可降低烟气对大鼠整体代谢的影响,减轻烟气造成的损伤。因此,在烟草中加入天然本草添加剂可在一定程度上减少烟气对机体的伤害,改善体内因烟气干扰而紊乱的磷脂和能量代谢。     

Impact of inland pollution sources on the bacteriological water quality of the Southern Ganghwado Bay Area,South Korea

The bacteriological pollution of water is a serious global environmental issue. The pollution of water by human and animal wastes can be a source of hazardous pathogens, which may pose serious health risks. In this study, we evaluated the microbiological water quality in the southern Ganghwado Bay area, South Korea. A total of 30 samples (14 discharge water samples from the drainage area and 16 sea water samples from the adjacent area) were analyzed for the concentrations of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) in November 2013. The highest concentration of FC (28,000 MPN/100 mL) was found at site L1 (inland). The highest mean concentrations of coliforms were found at sites W9 (sea water) and W11 (sea water), with TC and FC concentrations of 33 MPN/100 mL. In conclusion, site L1 located near W9 and W11 is clearly identified as the main source of pollution at Dongmak Beach.     

电化学免疫传感器在肿瘤标志物检测中的应用

肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的疾病之一,降低恶性肿瘤死亡率的主要途径是早期诊断和治疗,肿瘤标志物在肿瘤早期诊断中具有重要的临床应用价值。随着纳米技术的迅猛发展,基于纳米材料构建的电化学传感器可实现对肿瘤标志物的检测,且具有检测灵敏度高、选择性好等优点。本文重点综述了碳纳米材料、贵金属纳米材料、氧化物纳米材料、量子点纳米材料等新型纳米材料电化学免疫传感器的构建原理及其在甲胎蛋白、前列腺抗原、癌胚抗原等肿瘤标志物检测中的应用,分析总结了基于不同纳米材料构建的电化学传感器在各种肿瘤标志物检测中的优缺点,并展望了电化学传感器的发展趋势,提出未来电化学免疫传感器应以微型化、高通量化和商业化为研究重点,并实现对肿瘤标志物的快速、在线、实时检测。     

Phthalates exposure indicators determined by urinary phthalate metabolites in healthy non-obese Czech adults: FANTOM study

It is assumed that human exposure to phthalates may be associated with adverse health effects. The indicators of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in healthy adults are limited. In this study, the phthalate metabolites concentrations were detected from 24-h urine collection in non-obese Czech adults (n = 201). Each participant filled in an 80-item questionnaire (FANTOM-SQ 2013) regarding the outdoor and indoor sources of phthalates, the use of personal care products and food intake sources. The concentrations of 15 phthalates metabolites were analysed following enzymatic cleavage of the glucuronide using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The indicators of chronic or acute exposure phthalate-containing materials were identified. It is shown that higher fruit consumption was positively and significantly associated with a higher level of total 15 urinary phthalates biomarkers (p < 0.001). Regular meat consumption showed a negative significant association with total 15 phthalates metabolites (p < 0.01). The use of personal care products was significantly and positively correlated with monoethyl phthalate urine concentrations (p < 0.05). The analysis of the dietary behaviour and personal care products use in the Czech non-obese population showed it to be a predictable tool in the level of phthalates exposure when high fruit consumption and personal care products use are linked to higher phthalate metabolite contents in the urine. However, this topic deserves more research.     

污水处理厂利用次氯酸钠消毒实验研究

粪大肠菌群是污水处理厂出水的一个重要指标,次氯酸钠是一种真正的高效、广谱、安全的强力灭菌、杀病毒药剂。固戍污水处理厂通过实验投加不同量的次氯酸钠溶液,使出水水质粪大肠菌群数不超过最高允许排放浓度,并得出最佳的投加量。     

The Proteomics Big Challenge for Biomarkers and New Drug-Targets Discovery

In the modern process of drug discovery, clinical, functional and chemical proteomics can converge and integrate synergies. Functional proteomics explores and elucidates the components of pathways and their interactions which, when deregulated, lead to a disease condition. This knowledge allows the design of strategies to target multiple pathways with combinations of pathway-specific drugs, which might increase chances of success and reduce the occurrence of drug resistance. Chemical proteomics, by analyzing the drug interactome, strongly contributes to accelerate the process of new druggable targets discovery. In the research area of clinical proteomics, proteome and peptidome mass spectrometry-profiling of human bodily fluid (plasma, serum, urine and so on), as well as of tissue and of cells, represents a promising tool for novel biomarker and eventually new druggable targets discovery. In the present review we provide a survey of current strategies of functional, chemical and clinical proteomics. Major issues will be presented for proteomic technologies used for the discovery of biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and identification of new drug targets.