Realistic Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Simulation Based on the Golden Ratio

Facial cosmetology is usually operated by surgeons on the basis of clinical experiences and is full of risks because of the lack of objective criteria and auxiliary tools.The available plastic simulation systems are not easy to manipulate.This paper presents a realistic cosmetic plastic surgery simulation framework guided automatically by golden ratio data,which is suitable for personalized realistic facial models from 3D laser scan.A golden ratio facial mask is made based on the ideal golden ratio facial mask data,with reference to the facial ratio of goodlooking groups of eastern people.The plastic design for the region of interest will be driven automatically by Laplacian coordinates deformation,based on the matched characteristic points and lines of the golden ratio facial mask to set the boundary conditions.The evaluation from clinical surgeons shows that the new plastic simulation system is practical and will be widely used in clinical operations.     

Simulation of frontal orbital advancement

In this paper, we present a system for performing a complex surgical intervention using virtual reality (VR) technology. With the aid of the system, the intervention can be planned and simulated exactly before performing it in reality and important additional information can be achieved during the simulation. Before working in VR, finite element models of the patient's head are generated form CT-images. Based on these models, additional work is done in VR, where the patient's skull is cut into several pieces, which are then re-positioned. Based on moving and shifting the obtained pieces, the goal is to increase the volume inside the skull, which is called intracranial volume. Until now, it was not possible to measure the achieved increase of the intracranial volume. However, by using our system is it now possible to calculate this volume online during each step of our virtual intervention. The obtained results are used for the surgical intervention in reality.     

左西孟旦在心脏外科术后重症患者的应用研究

目的：研究左西孟旦对重症心脏外科术后患者心功能、肺高压、肾功能等方面的影响。方法：选取2014年1月－2019年6月在宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院胸外科接受心脏手术治疗的重症患者320例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为实验组和对照组,各160例。根据患者具体病情选择心脏换瓣手术或非体外循环搭桥手术,实验组围术期同时给予左西孟旦治疗。比较2组患者手术前后不同时间心、肾功能指标水平及肺动脉收缩压（PASP）变化。结果：术后24 h 2组患者心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）比较无明显差异,实验组血乳酸（LAC）在术后12 h及术后24 h明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;术后1～14 d 2组左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、收缩末期容积（LVESV）均呈减小趋势,且同一时间点实验组明显小于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;2组心脏指数（CI）及左室射血指数（LVEF）均呈升高趋势,且同一时间点实验组明显高于对照组（P<0.01）。术后3～14 d 2组血浆N末端前脑利钠肽（NT-proBNP）水平及PASP均呈降低趋势,且同一时间点实验组明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;实验组血清尿素氮（BUN）、24 h尿蛋白定量（24Upro）及血肌酐（Scr）水平均无明显变化（P>0.05）,对照组血清BUN、24Upro及Scr水平先升高后降低,且同一时间点实验组明显低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与对照组比较,实验组术后死亡率、ICU住院时间、呼吸机及主动脉球囊反搏（IABP）支持时间均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：心脏手术后给予左西孟旦可有效改善重症患者术后心功能,保护由于低灌注引起的肾损伤,且可降低术后早期肺动脉高压的发生,值得临床借鉴。     

State‐of‐the‐art in orthopaedic surgical navigation with a focus on medical image modalities

This paper presents a review of surgical navigation systems in orthopaedics and categorizes these systems according to the image modalities that are used for the visualization of surgical action. Medical images used to be an essential part of surgical education and documentation as well as diagnosis and operation planning over many years. With the recent introduction of navigation techniques in orthopaedic surgery, a new field of application has been opened. Today surgical navigation systems — also known as image‐guided surgery systems — are available for various applications in orthopaedic surgery. They visualize the position and orientation of surgical instruments as graphical overlays onto a medical image of the operated anatomy on a computer monitor. Preoperative image data such as computed tomography scans or intraoperatively generated images (for example, ultrasonic, endoscopic or fluoroscopic images) are suitable for this purpose. A new category of medical images termed ‘surgeon‐defined anatomy’ has been developed that exclusively relies upon the usage of navigation technology. Points on the anatomy are digitized interactively by the surgeon and are used to build up an abstract geometrical model of the bony structures to be operated on. This technique may be used when no other image data is available or appropriate for a given application. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on hybrid synchronization methods in multi-user collaborative VR simulation medical surgery training system

The simulation training system based on VR technology has been applied in clinical medicine due to its immersive interactive experience, economy, and safety. In response to the limitation that most medical surgery training systems can only achieve single user operations, a hybrid synchronous model based multi-user collaborative framework design is proposed to meet the needs of collaborative training in virtual reality teaching processes. Based on the characteristics of frame synchronization and state synchronization, the synchronization method has been improved. Based on frame synchronization, specific state synchronization is used on interactive events to improve the consistency of operation details and real-time action. On this basis, a system prototype has been implemented using Unity 3D, and compared with traditional schemes, analysis shows that it has faster response speed for disconnected reconnection and more stable interaction state.     

Vassall Road Housing and Healthcare Centre,Brixton, London

Tony Fretton's latest project is a demonstration of what can be achieved on a tight budget. David Littlefield describes how the practice has managed to create a thoughtful and yet highly practical health and residential centre on a rather typical south London street. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于VTK的医学三维图像模型构建与切割

虚拟外科手术是医学领域的一个重要研究方向。基于面绘制和体绘制两种可视化算法实现医学图像的三维模型重建,针对不同重建模型分别实现虚拟任意切割：面切割和体切割,并讨论了虚拟切割的交互操作实现方法。用VTK(Visualization Toolkit)初步实现了模拟手术系统中的虚拟切割脊柱体功能。     

基于CV-SVM方法的手术时间估计

手术时间估计是进行科学手术排程的前提和依据,为了能够准确地估计手术时间从而为手术排程提供有效信息,采用交叉验证（CV）方法优化支持向量机(SVM)参数,构建基于交叉验证的支持向量机模型对手术时间进行估计。为了验证模型的性能,将CV SVM模型与径向基（RBF）神经网络模型相对比,通过某医院眼科角膜移植手术时间估计进行实例验证。结果表明,相比RBF模型,基于CV SVM模型的手术时间估计结果平均绝对百分误差在11%以内,相对误差在23%以内,验证了模型的有效性,为手术时间估计提供了一种有效的方法。     

虚拟手术力反馈装置反馈力内模控制

时滞和虚拟环境模型参数的变异性影响到虚拟手术力反馈系统的性能。在分析系统模型的基础上设计内模控制器,控制器直接置于系统前馈通道而无需增加闭环,控制更加易于实现,实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

2型糖尿病大鼠胃肠手术模型的建立

目的: 利用糖尿病大鼠建立手术治疗糖尿病的实验动物模型。方法: SPF级SD大鼠60只,所有动物给予8周的高脂高糖饮食,随后予以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 (40 mg/kg)制备糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功一周后行手术,选取24只随机分为2组,分别为十二指肠空肠旁路手术组(DJB,n=12)、Roux-en-y旁路手术组(RYGB,n=12)。结果: 术后大鼠的总生存率达到83.3%,术后第8周,两组大鼠均存活10只。结论: 胃肠道手术的2型糖尿病大鼠模型是可行的,可用于长期观察及检测研究,有助于临床评估相关手术的远期效果。