梁112块沙四段薄互层低渗透油藏水力压裂工艺优化

梁112块沙四段薄互层油藏属于典型的高压、特低渗透油藏,具有油层多、单层薄、砂岩与泥岩交互等特点。常规压裂效果不理想。通过建立单井模型,确定了压裂应以增加裂缝的长度为主;利用FracproPT软件模拟优化加砂规模;根据油层物性特点优化射孔方案;配套应用粉陶降滤和控制缝高等技术优化了水力压裂工艺。2004年共对11口井实施了大型水力压裂,平均加砂量为42.5m3,平均加砂强度为1.6m3/m,累积增产原油达2.75×104t。     

高密度钻井液随钻堵漏技术研究

地层和油气层分布的特点，使塔里木盆地易发生高密度条件下的井漏。多种堵漏处理措施，如降排量、降密度、静止堵漏、随钻堵漏、桥接堵漏、注水泥堵漏等都没有很好地解决这类漏失问题。根据井漏及堵漏情况，开发出了高密度条件下使用的随钻封堵护壁剂。该堵漏剂主要以改性纤维作为骨架材料，改性沥青和天然有机高分子作为填充材料，以弱交联聚合物为变形填充材料，并辅以有机硅为粘结护壁材料，是一种具有物理化学堵漏功能的新型随钻堵漏剂。经流变性、砂床滤失性、润滑性、油层保护性等性能评价，表明该处理剂加入后，对钻井液流变性影响小、可辅助降低API滤失量和润滑系教、能碴著降低砂床滤失鼍。同时还具有一定的保护油气层的功能。     

滤失控制与变粘酸深穿透酸压工艺技术的应用

酸滤失是制约酸蚀缝长延伸的重要因素之一,滤失控制是深穿透酸压工艺成功与否的关键所在。概述了酸滤失的特征及其控制技术的发展过程,着重介绍了90年代末引进国内投入现场应用的变粘酸技术。国内外实践表明变粘酸比目前普遍使用的胶凝酸体系液体效率更高,增产效果更理想,该技术的引进和国产化必将促进国内油气田深穿透酸压工艺技术水平跃上一个新台阶。     

优化操作,提高200SN - 400SN混兑原料蜡膏收率

通过对大庆石化分公司炼油厂蜡脱油装置的原料、结晶条件、过滤操作、溶剂组成、过滤温度等方面影响的分析,提出提高蜡膏收率的措施,在调整原料结构、选择适当的溶剂组成和稀释比、注重优化过滤操作的情况下,可使蜡膏收率提高2%左右.     

炼油达标污水回用处理试验研究

采用曝气生物滤池、多介质过滤、超滤、反渗透工艺,对炼油达标外排污水进行回用处理中试试验。结果表明,曝气生物滤池对油、COD和浊度去除效果良好,超滤、反渗透膜化学清洗周期达到 2个月以上,脱盐率稳定在98％以上,产水品质达到回用要求。     

水泥浆失水制约下套管与井眼间隙的研究

通过对水泥浆失水规律的室内试验分析以厦对注水泥顶替过程中水泥浆失水桥堵套管与井眼间隙问题的研究，建立了顶替过程中滤失层不发生水泥浆失水而桥堵环形空间的临界失水量计算模型，提出了调配水泥浆失水性能和确定合理套管井眼间隙的具体方法，对注水泥现场施工和井身结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Interfacial Proton Supply/Filtration Regulates the Dynamics of Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: A Perspective

As a promising energy carrier, ammonia synthesis by electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a promising green and low-carbon ammonia synthesis strategy that can replace the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the development of eNRR processes is mainly severely constrained by competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the corresponding strategies to inhibit this adverse side reaction to obtain high eNRR selectivity are still limited. In addition, for this complex reaction involving gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface and proton/electron transfer, it is great significance to analyze and summarize the existing inhibition HER strategies from the viewpoint of dynamics. In view of this, this work reviews proton supply/filtration regulation strategy in catalytic system, allowing a systematic survey of the literature focusing on interface membrane regulation (inorganic membrane and organic membrane), electrolyte regulation (metal-mediated strategy and electrolyte ion regulation strategy) and system device design (electrode structure design and electrolytic cell device design). Constructive catalytic system design guidance is also suggested to inhibit hydrogen evolution and improve NH₃ selectivity, aiming for scalable and economically feasible applications.     

The effects of oxygenation aeration treatment on dissipation behaviors of tricaine mesylate in carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle and water

Tricaine mesylate (MS-222) is one of the most used anesthetics in fish. It can be absorbed by the human body via food consumption, with related detriments to human health. In this study, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of MS-222 in carp muscle and water samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For cleanup procedure, multiplug filtration cleanup (m-PFC) method with n-Hexane delipidation was adopted. The extraction solvent, cleanup methods and sorbents were optimized. All method validation parameters were in the acceptable range. The dissipation behavior study was followed by the method development. Firstly, the anesthesia dose and time were optimized in application study. Secondly, carps were revived for different period of time with (experimental group) and without (control group) the oxygenation aeration treatment to compare the dissipation rate of MS-222. After being anesthetized for 6 h at 50 mg/L and 12 h of elimination, the concentrations of MS-222 in crap muscle and water of experimental group was lower than those of control group. After 36 h of elimination under oxygenation aeration, over 90% of MS-222 was dissipated in carp muscle. The results showed that the half-life of MS-222 in carp muscle was 6.2 h. The findings suggested that the commonly-used oxygenation aeration treatment in aquaculture production had potential effects in accelerating the dissipation of MS-222 in carp and water. In this study, three days of withdrawal period was recommended in carps after MS-222 administration under oxygenation aeration.     

A SIMPLE METHOD FOR TESTING BEER FILTERABILITY

Based on a filtration manifold from ‘Millipore’ a method was developed which permits the simultaneous investigation of the filterability of up to ten beer samples. Characteristics of the simple apparatus are the use of sheet filters, a vacuum filtration at room temperature and very small sample volumes. An excellent correlation to the differential pressure at the industrial filter was found, demonstrating the reliability of the test for routine applications. The usefulness of the method for research applications was demonstrated in experiments with enzymes improving beer filtration.