This study deals with the synthesis of the Ti2AlC phase using the Electro-Thermal Explosion under Pressure with Confinement (ETEPC) technique. The effects of the ETEPC technique and the milling process parameters on the TiCx phase content and the formation mechanism of the Ti2AlC phase were investigated. The latter is mainly affected by the morphology of the powder mixture and aluminum melted amount. The optimization of the above parameters allowed the achievement of the desired reaction, leading to the formation of the Ti2AlC phase with a purity of about 97?wt%. The results clearly demonstrate that the ETEPC process enables one to control both time and material synthesis temperature. 相似文献
Context: Continuous processing is an innovative production concept well known and successfully used in other industries for many years. The modern pharmaceutical industry is facing the challenge of transition from a traditional manufacturing approach based on batch-wise production to a continuous manufacturing model.
Objective: The aim of this article is to present technological progress in manufacturing based on continuous and semi-continuous processing of the solid oral dosage forms.
Methods: Single unit processes possessing an alternative processing pathway to batch-wise technology or, with some modification, an altered approach that may run continuously, and are thus able to seamlessly switch to continuous manufacturing are briefly presented. Furthermore, the concept of semi-continuous processing is discussed. Subsequently, more sophisticated production systems created by coupling single unit processes and comprising all the steps of production, from powder to final dosage form, were reviewed. Finally, attempts of end-to-end production approach, meaning the linking of continuous synthesis of API from intermediates with the production of final dosage form, are described.
Results: There are a growing number of scientific articles showing an increasing interest in changing the approach to the production of pharmaceuticals in recent years. Numerous scientific publications are a source of information on the progress of knowledge and achievements of continuous processing. These works often deal with issues of how to modify or replace the unit processes in order to enable seamlessly switching them into continuous processing. A growing number of research papers concentrate on integrated continuous manufacturing lines in which the production concept of “from powder to tablet” is realized. Four main domains are under investigation: influence of process parameters on intermediates or final dosage forms properties, implementation of process analytical tools, control-managing system responsible for keeping continuous materials flow through the whole manufacturing process and the development of new computational methods to assess or simulate these new manufacturing techniques. The attempt to connect the primary and secondary production steps proves that development of continuously operating lines is possible.
Conclusion: A mind-set change is needed to be able to face, and fully assess, the advantages and disadvantages of switching from batch to continuous mode production. 相似文献
The production of crab meatballs generates large amount of crab shell waste, it is therefore necessary to develop a green, economical and environmentally friendly process to vaporize the waste. This study was aimed at investigating the applicability of microwave heating combined with ultrasonic field-assisted alkaline protease (MUSED) (50 ℃, pH = 9.0, 14025.67 U/g, 4.21 h and liquid/material = 14.41:1) for pretreatment of ball-milled crab shells. The ball milling efficiency of the crab shell powder pretreated by MUSED was observed to increase by 50 % compared to the control group, with the final average particle size of D4 = 4.88 ± 0.20 um. High calcium solubility and low energy consumption of the ball-milled powder increased dietary calcium bioavailability and reduced the potential for high calorie intake. The addition of 6 % (w/w) crab shell powder treated by MUSED improved the texture of the crab meatballs (CM-D4) and gave the product enhanced crab flavor relative to the control group. Moreover, the lower cooking loss of CM-D4 resulted in significant retention of nutrients (p < 0.05). The crab shell powder treated by MUSED method was more efficient in ball milling, which improved the quality of crab meatballs while relieving environmental pressure. 相似文献