双向蚁群算法的智能消防疏散图路径规划

当前我国正处在城市发展高速时期,综合建筑不断涌现,这时可根据火灾实时信息自动调整疏散路径的智能消防疏散图应运而生。路径规划算法是智能消防疏散图的重点研究方向之一。针对智能消防疏散图需结合火场信息动态规划路径等问题,提出了一种改进双向蚁群算法。添加了双向搜索策略,提高了算法全局搜索能力;结合A*算法改进了初始信息素分布,减小了算法初期搜索盲目性;改进了信息素更新策略,提高了算法收敛速度;结合火场信息和转向惩罚系数对算法蒸发系数、启发函数和转移概率进行改进,降低了陷入局部最优风险,提高了算法搜索效率和路径平滑性,并有效避开了火灾影响区域。通过仿真验证了算法有效性。     

稠油火驱二次点火主控因素及点火策略

为了实现火驱开发过程中熄火油层再次燃烧,保障火驱开发效果,通过一系列室内物理模拟实验和油藏数值模拟计算,开展包括点火温度、通风强度、地下含油饱和度分布、结焦带等影响二次点火的主控因素的研究,给出了合理的二次点火温度和通风强度的范围,同时结合注气井地下空气腔规模给出了不同条件下启动油层二次燃烧的点火策略.结果表明,电点火温度应控制在450 ℃以上,点火期间通风强度应维持在10 m³/(m²·h)以上,对于需要注燃料油进行二次点火的注气井,燃料油的用量不低于已燃区空气腔体积的2/7.     

综采面邻空煤柱漏风微循环现象研究

针对综采面"采场-邻空煤柱-采空区"间的漏风微循环现象,利用MATLAB中的PDE工具进行二维非线性渗流的数值模拟,同时分析研究漏风微循环现象形成的原因,以及漏风微循环对煤炭自燃的影响。研究表明,"采场-邻空煤柱-采空区"间的漏风微循环可以导致采空区内相对压力和气体成分的周期性变化,即"采空区喘息"现象。     

基于FDS地铁直线盾构隧道火灾温度探测模拟研究

以北京地铁运行的盾构型隧道为研究对象,利用FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)火灾动力学模拟软件进行计算.在不同工况下,对不同热释放速率的火源分别进行探测模拟.通过计算结果,总结在不同位置温度随时间的上升规律.分析不同位置在不同时间段的危害性,为安全逃生提供参考.     

约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能

为了研究约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能,在已有约束钢梁分析理论的基础上,引入残余应力,提出了约束钢梁的抗火性能分析方法,并采用普通强度约束钢梁试验数据对分析方法进行了验证。考虑高强度Q460钢材高温下力学性能参数,利用所提出的方法分析了约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能,并与普通强度Q345钢梁进行了对比。对影响约束高强度Q460钢梁的抗火性能参数进行了分析,包括荷载比、残余应力、轴向约束刚度、转动约束刚度和受火方式等。研究表明:所提出的分析方法准确可靠,高强度Q460钢梁抗火性能与普通强度钢梁具有较大的区别,高强度Q460约束钢梁的抗火性能明显优于普通强度约束钢梁。荷载比、轴向约束刚度、转动约束刚度、受火方式对高强度Q460约束钢梁有较大影响。     

气泡雾化细水雾装备灭火实验研究

利用气泡雾化压力低、用气量小和雾化效果好的特点,结合目前已有的移动细水雾灭火装备开发了一套背负式气泡雾化细水雾灭火装备.对木垛火进行灭火实验,分析了细水雾灭火过程中不同阶段的主导灭火机理.实验结果表明:利用气泡雾化细水雾灭火装备可有效控制和扑救木垛火,对于0.6A以下的木垛火,可在150 s内扑灭,0.8A的木垛则出现了复燃现象,由于木条的相互遮挡,对于木垛火的扑救应灵活调整射水距离和角度,压制火焰,预防复燃.     

某建筑物火灾后主体结构检测鉴定与处理

通过对某二层住宅楼火灾后主体结构的检测鉴定与处理,分析火灾对建筑物的影响,探讨火灾后建筑结构的检测鉴定方法,提出火灾后建筑结构的处理方法,为同类建筑结构的火灾后检测鉴定及处理提供参考.     

考虑爆裂影响的轴向约束高强混凝土柱耐火性能研究

应用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于一次爆裂模式,建立了轴向约束高强混凝土（HSC）柱的抗火分析模型.采用试验数据验证了模型的合理性.采用验证后的模型,分析了不同轴向约束刚度比下高强混凝土柱轴力及位移变化的规律,重点考虑了爆裂深度、爆裂长度、爆裂开始时间等爆裂参数对高强混凝土柱轴向位移、截面温度场和耐火极限的影响规律.研究表明：相同爆裂时间前提下,HSC柱轴向位移随爆裂深度、爆裂长度的增大而增大,耐火极限随之减小.爆裂深度、爆裂长度相同前提下,爆裂开始时间对HSC柱的耐火性能影响很小.当荷载比不变时,轴向约束刚度比对HSC柱膨胀阶段的最大轴向位移影响甚小,但是在越过初始平衡位置的收缩阶段对轴向位移影响很大.轴向约束刚度比对轴向约束HSC柱的耐火极限影响不大.     

Acrylic-based fire-retardant coatings for steel protection: Employing the concept of in situ ceramization

Traditional intumescent coatings are widely used as passive fire-protective coatings for steel structures as they are capable of expanding in the range of 20–50 times the original thickness thereby providing excellent insulation. However, the fragile nature of such residue and susceptibility to thermo-oxidation given their carbonaceous nature are key problematic issues. The concept of in situ ceramization is explored in this work as a means to form inorganic cohesive char with improved rigidity and thermo-oxidative stability. Coating samples were prepared by incorporating ammonium polyphosphate, talc, Mg(OH)₂, and polydimethylsiloxane as additives into acrylic resin at different weight fractions. Thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction have confirmed the reactions between the additives to form various crystalline magnesium phosphate phases, and to a small extent, silicon phosphate, thereby ensuring the thermo-oxidative stability of the residue. This is reiterated by the fire performance tests (by exposing the coatings to a temperature profile in a furnace similar to ISO 834 fire curve). Despite the advantages of rigid char and its thermo-oxidative stability as a result of formation of inorganic phosphates, the lack of swelling has resulted in relatively poor insulation capabilities of the char, and subsequently, compromised the fire protection times (that are in the range of 45–55 min). However, pyrolysis flow combustion calorimeter results of the coatings are promising and have shown a significant drop of up to 70% in the peak of heat release rate values as compared to neat resin.     

Development and performance analysis of new spade bit designs

The purpose of this work is to present the development and experimental performance assessment of a new generation of spade drill bits. Rigorous point geometry and drilling force models that describe the topology of the drill and its cutting behaviour have guided the development of these new drills with unique topological features. It is shown, both analytically through simulations and through a systematic experimental study, that the performance of the newly developed topologies exceeds that of the commercially available designs. The new spade bits yield lower thrust and torque over the whole range of pragmatic operating conditions.