工业锅炉火焰形态的研究

燃烧在实际工业中应用广泛,而火焰的几何形状和温度场分布应与炉膛尺寸相适应,从而提高炉子的整体效率。总结了对火焰形态有影响的因素,分类分析及推导一些在实际中有价值的函数关系。     

TiO2纳米颗粒在火焰中凝结长大的数值模拟

颗粒生长的数值模拟是通过流体动力学与颗粒动力学相结合计算实现的.实验表明,温度是颗粒成长中非常重要的因素之一,所以湍流扩散火焰的正确模拟,是颗粒学模型计算结果正确与否的关键.首先在CFD商业软件FLUENT中计算得到准确的丙烷与空气、四氯化钛与空气反应的湍流火焰场;然后应用FLUENT的UDF功能,编制C语言程序引入颗粒学模型进行计算,对颗粒尺寸进行了预测;通过对计算结果的分析探讨火焰温度、氧化剂流量等因素对生成颗粒或者颗粒聚集块尺寸的影响.结果表明:空气流率对火焰场温度影响很大;火焰场温度越高就越容易形成球形颗粒;颗粒在火焰中的时间越长,生成的颗粒或聚集块的尺寸就越大;气体的稀释作用对颗粒成长有一定影响.     

Detailed investigation of a pulverized fuel swirl flame in CO2/O2 atmosphere

A novel approach to oxycoal flame stabilization has been developed at the Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer at RWTH Aachen University [D. Toporov, M. Förster, R. Kneer, in: Third Int. Conf. on Clean Coal Technologies for Our Future, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, 15-17 May 2007]. The swirl burner design and its operating conditions have been adjusted in order to enforce CO formation thus stabilizing the flame and obtaining a full burnout at levels of O₂ content in the O₂/CO₂ mixture similar to those in air. The paper presents results of detailed numerical and experimental investigations of a stable oxy-fired pulverized coal swirl flame (type-2) obtained with a 21 vol% O₂ concentration. The combustion tests were performed in a vertical pilot-scale furnace (100 kW_th) in the framework of the OXYCOAL-AC research project aiming to develop a membrane-based oxyfuel process. The experimental results concerning gas velocities, gas and particle temperatures, and gas compositions are presented and discussed, focusing on the underlying mechanisms as well as on the aerodynamics of the oxycoal flame. A comparison between measurements and simulations has shown the validity of the numerical method used. The reported data set can be used for validation of numerical models developed for prediction of oxyfuel combustion.     

烟火绘画的实验研究

为获得良好的烟火绘画效果,通过改进原始烟火药配方,以及采用新的阻燃措施,对烟火绘画进行了进一步的探究,得到了理想的实验结果。同时,从降低实验操作难度和成本的角度出发,不断优化和完善实验,探索出较为系统、安全简洁、效果理想的作画流程。     

火焰法制备Al/MoO3纳米片阵列的影响因素

亚稳态分子间复合物(MIC)阵列由于具有高能量密度、小尺寸条件下能自持反应的优点,在集成化火工品方面具有潜在的应用价值。采用火焰法在硅基底上原位制备了高度有序的MoO₃纳米片阵列,探讨了基底材料、纳米阵列生长时间、火焰源因素对生成MoO₃形貌的影响,得到了 MoO₃纳米片阵列的优化制备工艺条件: 以硅片为基底,生长时间为5 min和甲烷为火焰源。制备的纳米片厚度为100~200 nm,宽度约5 μm,长度达到十几个微米。分别采用磁控溅射和热蒸发在MoO₃纳米片阵列表面镀铝得到Al/MoO₃ MIC阵列,在铝膜厚度相同的情况下,采用热蒸发镀铝方式优于磁控溅射。热蒸发铝膜厚度为900 nm时,所获得的Al/MoO₃ MIC阵列具有较高的放热量,达到3276 J·g-1。     

27SiMn钢熔覆铁基合金粉末及复合粉末组织与性能的研究

为提高27SiMn钢表面的耐磨性、耐蚀性等性能,在27SiMn钢上熔覆Fe302以及与La2O3、B4C的复合粉末。利用XJL-02A金相显微镜等设备观察并测试涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性。结果表明：涂层与基体形成良好的冶金结合,微观组织主要由平面晶或胞状晶、粗大的柱状树枝晶以及表层细小的树枝晶或等轴晶组成;在Fe302中添加1%La2O3、5%B4C,涂层组织更细小,且硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性都比Fe302涂层好。     

Turbulent burning velocity of hydrogen–air premixed propagating flames at elevated pressures

Lewis number represents the thermo-diffusive effects on laminar flames. That of hydrogen–air mixture varies extensively with the equivalence ratio due to the high molecular diffusivity of hydrogen. In this study, the influences of pressure and thermo-diffusive effects on spherically propagating premixed hydrogen–air turbulent flames were studied using a constant volume fan-stirred combustion vessel. It was noted that the ratio of the turbulent to unstretched laminar burning velocity increased with decreasing equivalence ratio and increasing mixture pressure. Turbulent burning velocity was dominated by three factors: (1) purely hydrodynamic factor, turbulence Reynolds number, (2) relative turbulence intensity to reaction speed, the ratio of turbulence intensity to unstretched laminar burning velocity, and (3) sensitivity of the flame to the stretch due to the thermo-diffusive effects, Lewis and Markstein numbers. A turbulent burning velocity correlation in terms of Reynolds and Lewis numbers is presented.     

大口径长药室平衡炮发射装药多点点火特性

针对大口径长药室平衡炮内药量大,轴向点传火距离长,点传火条件复杂等问题,对设计的多点点传火结构建立了两相流计算模型。控制点火位置发火的数目,得到了几种传火管内的火药流动过程和燃气释放规律。对同一规格的传火管在相同装药量下,分别采用单点点火、两点点火及多点点火三种方式点火,对所得到的点传火时间、点传火压力及空隙率等反应点传火特性的特征量进行了对比。结合大口径平衡炮多点点火试验结果,验证了多点点火技术的计算结果。结果表明,单点点火和两点点火在3.3 ms左右仍有火药仍未点燃并出现明显堆积现象,而多点点火在2.43 ms时火药已经接近全部燃完,且各特征量分布较为均匀。为此,在大口径长药室平衡炮以及其它一些装药量大的大口径火炮中采用多点点火技术可以有效改善传火时间,增加点传火安全性,抑制火药堆积。