Flame-Sprayed Glaze Coatings: Effects of Operating Parameters and Feedstock Characteristics Onto Coating Structures

Many substrates do not sustain the conventional glazing process (i.e., vitreous glazing) due to the relatively high temperature required by this treatment (i.e., up to 1400 °C in some cases) to fuse glazes after their application on the surface to be covered. Flame spraying could appear as a solution to circumvent this limitation and to avoid thermal decomposition of substrates. This contribution describes some structural attributes of glaze coatings manufactured by flame spraying. It also discusses the influence of the feedstock powder morphology and some of its physical properties on coating characteristics. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

基于视频图像的火焰多特征检测

根据火灾发生时火焰的颜色、面积变化和火焰的纹理特征,提出一种基于视频图像的火焰多特征检测方法.着重介绍了对采集到的视频图像中的火焰进行颜色、面积变化的分析,并通过BP神经网络进行火焰纹理相似性的识别,以便得到更准确的火焰识别效果.     

新型矿用热风炉火焰监控系统的设计与实现

针对新型矿用热风炉燃烧控制的实际需求,设计了一套火焰监控系统。该系统可以很好地识别火焰燃烧状态,并根据不同的火焰状态对煤气阀门进行相应地调节,以保持系统相对正常的燃烧,大大减少了操作人员地劳动强度,提高了燃烧效率。     

Incombustible Polymer Electrolyte Boosting Safety of Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review

Lithium-ion batteries with their portability, high energy density, and reusability are frequently used in today's world. Under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries leak, burn, and even explode. Therefore, improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a focus of attention. Researchers believe using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one can solve the lithium battery safety issue. Due to the low price, good processability and high safety of the solid polymer electrolytes, increasing attention have been paid to them. However, polymer electrolytes can also decompose and burn under extreme conditions. Moreover, lithium dendrites are formed continuously due to the uneven charge distribution on the surface of the lithium metal anode. A short circuit caused by a lithium dendrite can cause the battery to thermal runaway. As a result, the safety of polymer solid-state batteries remains a challenge. In this review, the thermal runaway mechanism of the batteries is summarized, and the batteries abuse test standard is introduced. In addition, the recent works on the high-safety polymer electrolytes and the solution strategies of lithium anode problems in polymer batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development direction of safe polymer solid lithium batteries is prospected.     

三聚氰胺改性聚氨基环三磷腈对环氧树脂的阻燃作用

通过极限氧指数测定,垂直燃烧试验和锥形量热分析研究了三聚氰胺改性聚氨基环三磷腈(MPHACTPA)对改性脂肪胺固化环氧树脂(E-44/DG593)的阻燃作用,并与聚氨基环三磷腈(PHACTPA)进行了比较。结果表明,PHACTPA和MPHACTPA对E-44/DG593均有较好的阻燃作用。三聚氰胺与六氯环三磷腈的摩尔比对MPHACTPA的阻燃作用有些影响,当两者的摩尔比为1.5∶1(MPHACTPA-2)时,其阻燃作用最好。锥形量热试验残余物分析结果表明:PHACTPA和MPHACTPA在燃烧过程中受热分解成磷酸、偏磷酸、聚磷酸等,这些化合物促使E-44/GD731脱水炭化,并在NH3、N2、CO2等惰性气体的发泡作用下形成膨胀性炭层,因而产生强的凝聚相阻燃作用。MPHACTPA-2促进成炭的能力较强,因而阻燃作用更好。     

CMSs/PET微胶囊阻燃PET纤维制备与表征

将采用原位聚合法自制的核-壳型碳微球(CMSs)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)微胶囊(PCMSs)作为阻燃剂,采用熔融纺丝法制备阻燃PCMSs/PET功能纤维。通过扫描电镜、声速仪、强伸仪、极限氧指数仪等测试设备对添加不同质量分数的阻燃剂的阻燃功能纤维的结构及性能进行测试和表征。结果表明:当阻燃剂PCMSs的质量分数为0.6%时,PCMSs在PET纤维基体中的分散性和相容性良好,此时纤维表面较为光滑,同时具有优良的吸湿性能和阻燃性能,但其力学性能稍低于PCMSs质量分数为0.2%时的PCMSs/PET纤维。     

不同表面活性剂处理的Sb_2O_3对PVC复合材料阻燃性能的影响

利用高能球磨法制备Sb_2O_3粉末,采用聚乙二醇-6000、十二烷基硫酸钠和OP-10对Sb_2O_3粉末进行表面改性,研究不同表面活性剂改性的Sb_2O_3颗粒对PVC复合材料体系阻燃性能的影响。运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对Sb_2O_3的物相组成、颗粒形貌、平均粒径进行表征,利用X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)、极限氧指数仪以及垂直燃烧实验分别对Sb_2O_3/PVC复合材料的粒子分布、阻燃性能进行研究。结果表明:当聚乙二醇-6000作为表面活性剂时,由于纳米Sb_2O_3粒子表面有机膜空间位阻效应较大,使得纳米Sb_2O_3在PVC基体中表现出良好的分散性。当纳米Sb_2O_3添加量为1.26%(质量分数,下同)时,PVC复合材料的氧指数为27.1%,材料处于难燃级别;当采用十二烷基硫酸钠和OP-10作为表面活性剂时,Sb_2O_3颗粒表面包覆效果差,Sb_2O_3颗粒粒径分别为100nm和150nm,Sb_2O_3在PVC基体中分散性变差,并出现团聚现象。当Sb_2O_3添加量为1.26%时,PVC复合材料的氧指数分别为24.7%和25.3%,材料未达到难燃级别。     

硬脂酸粉尘爆炸过程中火焰传播试验及数值模拟

采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了硬脂酸粉尘火焰在上端开口的圆柱形垂直燃烧管道的传播过程。试验利用高速摄影系统和红外热成像仪记录了火焰的传播过程和温度分布情况,结果表明:火焰传播速度和火焰温度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。采用Fluent软件计算得到的模拟结果与试验值吻合较好,模拟结果揭示了硬脂酸粉尘爆炸过程中气流速度的变化情况,分析结果表明:在同一时刻,气流速度高于粉尘火焰传播速度,是造成粉尘二次扬尘,进而产生持续爆炸的重要因素之一。     

聚合物浸渍裂解法制备C/C-ZrC复合材料及其性能

本文以低密度C/C复合材料为坯体,有机锆聚合物为前驱体,采用聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备C/C-ZrC复合材料,并对其微观结构、力学性能、烧蚀性能以及烧蚀机理进行了研究。结果表明ZrC在材料内分布均匀,密度为2.05g·cm~(-3)的C/C-ZrC复合材料其弯曲强度为89.70MPa,呈脆性断裂。经氢-氧焰烧蚀150s后其线烧蚀率为-2.2×10~(-3)mm·s~(-1),质量烧蚀率为-1.0×10-3g·s~(-1),远低于密度为1.86g·cm~(-3)的C/C复合材料(线烧蚀率:4.4×10~(-3) mm·s~(-1),质量烧蚀率:7.5×10~(-4)g·s~(-1));在烧蚀的过程中,ZrC表现出优先氧化,同时生成的ZrO_2阻挡层能有效阻挡热量的传递和氧气的渗透,提高了材料的抗烧蚀性能。     

变阻障碍物对管道内瓦斯爆炸的影响

为探究障碍物阻塞比变化率对瓦斯爆炸的影响,分别建立平均阻塞比为0.6、 0.3的受限空间物理模型,基于Charlette湍流燃烧模型,利用Fluent软件对阻塞比变化率依次为0、 0.05、 0.10、 0.15的障碍物条件下的爆炸火焰、湍流转捩、压力波耦合过程进行大涡模拟(LES)。研究结果表明：火焰经过障碍物会产生回流卷吸效应。在平均阻塞比为0.6的工况组A中,当阻塞比变化率为0.10、 0.15时,火焰锋面更加尖锐,火焰传播速度峰值更高,平均传播速度更高,到达超压所需时间更短,超压峰值更大。在平均阻塞比为0.3的工况组B中,各工况平均传播速度相同,随着阻塞比变化率的增大,到达超压所需时间更长,超压峰值更大。