胸鳍摆动推进仿生鱼的设计及水动力实验

为实现胸鳍摆动推进模式鱼类的游动,模仿牛鼻鲼构建了仿生鱼.首先,基于摆动胸鳍的生物学特征和运动规律,提出了具有主/被动复合柔性变形能力的仿生胸鳍原理模型.然后通过ADAMS运动学仿真验证了设计方案的可行性,并构建仿生样机.自由游动实验表明,仿生鱼游速可达0.46m/s,约1倍身长比,且具有原地转弯能力,最大转弯速度达60?/s.与国内外其他同类机器鱼相比,在游速和机动性方面均表现出明显的优势.基于准稳态叶素理论,提出了仿生胸鳍水动力简化计算模型.构建水动力实验平台,验证了计算模型的有效性,并通过一系列水动力实验研究了仿生胸鳍的水动力特性.实验结果表明,仿生胸鳍能够产生周期性变化的推、升力,且变化趋势与胸鳍运动控制参数密切相关.     

A method for the design of flexible distillation sequence

A simple method has been developed to optimally design a distillation sequence with a fixed degree of flexibility in feed composition and flowrate, and accounts for uncertainty in stage efficiency, K-value and beat transfer coefficient calculations. The method minimizes a weighted cost function and ensures both optimal and feasible operation in the range of flexibility/uncertainty by using an approach termed “practical feasibility”. The method was tested on a 4 column distillation sequence separating a 5 component light alkane feed mixture. Results are presented to illustrate the effect of uncertainty on sequence cost and column overdesign.     

Taste thresholds and suprathreshold responses to tannin-rich plant extracts and quinine in a primate species (Microcebus murinus)

Theories of plant chemical defenses discriminate between quantitative digestibility reducers (e.g., tannins) and qualitative toxins (e.g., alkaloids). Since the differential effect on taste of these compounds is poorly known, we recorded ingestive responses of a primate species, Microcebus murinus, to four tannin-rich plant extracts and to quinine, by using the behavioral method of the two-bottle test. The efficiency of tannic extracts at precipitating protein was measured with the blue BSA method. Inhibition taste thresholds for tannins added to a moderately sweet solution varied between 0.25 and 2 g/l. The threshold for quinine hydrochloride was 0.32 g/l. The profiles of the response/concentration curves established for these astringent and bitter substances were similar, with maximal inhibition of consumption occurring for near-threshold concentrations. The large amounts of quinine required to deter this small-bodied species from feeding were unexpected, given its unspecialized frugivorous/insectivorous diet. We propose that the taste responses of Microcebus to tannins have been shaped in relation to the widespread occurrence of efficient polyphenols in food plants, while low responsiveness to quinine reflects a low risk of ingesting toxic alkaloids when feeding on ripe fruits and insects.     

膜分离过程中原料气流量的控制方法

介绍了气体膜分离原理;提出了理想膜过程的新概念;归纳了气体膜分离装置的运行特点;比较分析了气体膜分离过程中原料气流量控制的各种方法;提出通过在尾气侧安装调节阀来定量调节原料气流量的控制方法;该方法成功应用于金陵石化加氢裂化低分气中提取高浓氢的工艺中,验证了这种控制策略的正确性和有效性;整体的控制方案又进一步提高了膜分离装置的操作柔性及适应能力;该方法可同时保证渗透气快气浓度及回收率的性能指标,适用于所有气体膜分离过程中对处理气量的自动控制.     

局部应力分析中两个问题的讨论

容器上的局部结构承受外加载荷时，需要对该局部结构的强度进行评定。本文通过分析后指出，针对局部应力评定的强度条件应根据载荷的种类和性质确定。另外，本文通过实例说明，当进行管系应力分析，从而确定接管施加于容器上的载荷时，接管与容器连接处的柔度对该处载荷值和管道中的最大弯矩值都会有很大影响，在设计中考虑该柔度对设计的安全性和经济性都是有意义的。     

仿生自修复混凝土梁的弯曲试验及分析

制作了自密实混凝土简支梁试件,内部分别复合了含聚氨酯胶黏剂和氰凝胶黏剂的玻璃管,通过梁的三分点弯曲试验,从承载力和挠度两方面分析了两种胶黏剂梁的自修复效果,并通过试验对自修复混凝土研究急待解决的问题进行了阐述.     

焊接工业机器人灵活性分析及仿真研究

针对一种焊接工业机器人,采用蒙特卡罗方法和运动学分析方法,分析了焊接工业机器人的工作空间。通过仿真可方便的判断机器人工作空间中是否存在空洞或空腔。利用灵活性、灵活度和服务球的概念,分析了机器人工作空间中任一点的灵活度,求出了机器人的灵活工作空间,为后续开发和优化焊接工业机器人的使用性能和灵活的工作范围提供了参考依据。     

Mechanical properties of silica aerogels prepared from a mixture of TEOS and organo-alkoxysilanes of type R1SiX3

Silica aerogels were prepared from a mixture of tetraethylorthosilicate and organo- alkoxysilanes. The effects of organo-alkoxysilanes on the mechanical properties of the silica aerogels were studied. The flexibility of silica aerogels was significantly improved by incorporation of organo-alkoxysilanes. When MTES and TEOS were combined as precursors of silica areogels, with the increased amount of MTES, the apparent elastic modulus and apparent compressive strength monotonously rose. At the same organo- alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the size of alkyl groups of the organo-alkoxysilanes had little effect on the mechanical properties. In series of MTES and TEOS, the lowest elastic modulus of silica skeleton and the highest compressive strength of silica skeleton were observed at MTES to TEOS ratio of around 50：50. At a certain organo-alkoxysilanes to TEOS ratio, the elastic modulus of silica skeleton increased and the compressive strength of silica skeleton decreased with the size increase of the alkvl grouns.     

可再分散乳胶粉对泡沫混凝土的改性作用

针对普通泡沫混凝土受环境变化及自身因素影响容易开裂的问题,通过加入可再分散乳胶粉,改善材料的抗裂性能.结果表明,可再分散乳胶粉、聚丙烯纤维、纤维素醚等外加剂的复掺,可以提高泡沫混凝土的柔韧性和抗冲击性能。     

新型非离子型水性环氧固化剂的合成及性能研究

为提高水性环氧涂料的固化性能和适用期,以自制聚酰胺和生物基戊二胺为起始原料,聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚（ PEGGE）为亲水链段,双酚 A型环氧树脂（ E-51）为疏水链段,邻甲苯缩水甘油醚（ CGE）为封端剂制备了非离子型低温水性环氧固化剂,并与自制水性环氧乳液复配制得双组分水性环氧涂料。考察了环氧固化剂合成工艺参数及涂膜各项性能。结果表明：该固化剂含有较长的柔性脂肪烃碳链和聚醚链段能够提高涂膜的柔韧性;双酚 A型环氧树脂参与扩链反应能够解决与乳液不兼容等问题;苯环结构增加了涂膜的硬度;涂膜室温固化后性能优异,具有良好的物理机械性能、耐水性、耐酸碱性和耐盐雾性。