Mathematical Modeling of Coke Formation and Deposition due to Thermal Cracking of Petroleum Fluids

A two‐dimensional mathematical dynamics model is presented to predict coke formation due to thermal cracking inside the tubes of fired heaters on two types of petroleum fluid. The laminar and turbulent flows are analyzed for both petroleum fluids. The second‐order k‐? standard model is adopted to make this mathematical model more accurate than previous models of coke formation. The radial and axial variations for temperature, velocity, and concentration due to the high temperature gradients inside the tubes are considered in the model equations. The finite volume method is the numerical model used to discretize the conservation equations. The proposed model is suitable to predict coke formation inside heater tubes since it indicates operational conditions where coke formation is minimized.     

Novel poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) composite films containing bioactive glass nanoparticles for wound healing applications

Bioactive glass is considered an ideal material for haemostasis as it releases Ca²⁺ ions upon hydration, which is required to support thrombosis. In this study the effects of the presence of nanoscaled bioactive glass (n‐BG) in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) microsphere films on the structural properties, thermal properties and biocompatibility of the films were studied. The n‐BG with a high surface area was also tested for its in vitro haemostatic efficacy and was found to be able to successfully reduce clot detection time. In an effort to study the effect of the roughness induced by the formation of hydroxyapatite on cellular functions such as cell adhesion, cell mobility and cell differentiation, the composite films were immersed in simulated body fluid for periods of 1, 3 and 7 days. From scanning electron microscopy images, the surface of the P(3HB)/n‐BG composite microsphere films appeared fairly uniform and smooth on day 1; however on day 3 and day 7 a rough and uneven surface was observed. The presence of hydroxyapatite on the composite microsphere films on day 3 and day 7 influenced the surface roughness of the films. However, when the P(3HB)/n‐BG composite microsphere films with enhanced surface roughness were tested for biocompatibility, reduced amounts of protein adsorption and cell adhesion were observed. This study thus revealed that there is an optimal surface roughness for the P(3HB) microsphere films for increased cell adhesion, beyond which it could be deleterious for cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

高温黏度测试在浮法玻璃生产组分调整中的应用

利用ORTON高温旋转黏度计测试生产线玻璃组分在调整前、后的黏度-温度曲线,通过黏度-温度曲线分析玻璃内在热学性质的变化情况,根据不同温度段的黏度变化情况制订出合理的调整熔化工艺参数方案,可缩短生产过程中组分调整时间,减少无效作业时间,提高产品质量。     

Luminescence quantum efficiency at 1.5 μm of Er3+-doped tellurite glass determined by thermal lens spectroscopy

Erbium doped tellurite glasses (TeO₂ + Li₂O + TiO₂) were prepared by conventional melt-quenching method to study the influence of the Er³⁺ concentration on the luminescence quantum efficiency (η) at 1.5 μm. Absorption and luminescence data were used to characterize the samples, and the η parameter was measured using the well-known thermal lens spectroscopy. For low Er³⁺ concentration, the measured values are around 76%, and the concentration behavior of η shows Er–Er and Er–OH⁻ interactions, which agreed with the measured lifetime values.     

大型电石炉电能质量问题及解决方案

为减小大型电石炉对系统的冲击,对大型电石炉进行电能质量测试,对试验数据进行统计分析。结果表明:大型电石炉在运行过程中会产生较大的不平衡电流及谐波分量,需考虑综合治理。     

钼产品的中频炉快冷技术

阐述了中频炉快冷技术的原理及冷却效果。根据冷却原理对中频炉进行了改造,在保留内循环纯水冷却系统的基础上,增加了一套氢气循环快速风冷等统使之能够实现快速冷却。分析对比了自然冷却和快速冷却的时间及效率。检测了采用快冷技术后钼产品的性能,结果表明,快速冷却技术生产的产品性能均能达到金钼股份公司Q/JDC 016-2008企标要求,该技术可大大提高中频炉的生产效率。现该技术已经成功地在生产中实际应用,取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益。     

国外防火玻璃产品性能研发现状

介绍了德国肖特(Schott)公司、日本格拉威伯尔(Glaverbel)公司和英国皮尔金顿(Pilkington)公司的防火玻璃产品及分类,并对它们各型号的单片、复合防火玻璃产品的防火性能、物理特性,以及防火玻璃的厚度、透光性和重量等进行了较为详尽的介绍,通过对目前国内外市面上防火玻璃产品的种类和性能的分析,探讨了防火玻璃今后的发展趋势。     

异形玻璃幕墙安装测量精度分析

随着玻璃幕墙在建筑中的广泛应用，各种异形玻璃幕墙的出现对安装测量方法提出了更高的要求。本文结合唐山人民大厦的实例，介绍了采用免棱镜全站仪进行玻璃幕墙三维测量的方法，并提出了相应的精度控制措施。     

35kV动态无功补偿装置在30t电弧炉系统的应用

针对30t电弧炉在生产中给电网造成污染和冲击，设计选用了35kV动态无功补偿装置，并介绍了装置的有关参数计算和工作原理；装置投运后，改善了35kV系统的供电质量，提高了功率因数，获得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

预应力索桁架点支式玻璃幕墙技术

预应力索桁架点支式玻璃幕墙是目前最先进的一种新型幕墙结构,改变了传统建筑的表现形式,通过建筑内外空间结构的有效融合,集建筑、功能、美观、实用等于一体,提高整体承载力,加大空间结构,造型美观富有时代感和生命力。