Stress intensity factor computation using the method of fundamental solutions: mixed‐mode problems

The method of fundamental solutions is applied to the computation of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The displacements are approximated by linear combinations of the fundamental solutions of the Cauchy–Navier equations of elasticity and the leading terms for the displacement near the crack tip. Two algorithms are developed, one using a single domain and one using domain decomposition. Numerical results are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深部开采岩体变形分析的双曲函数法

在软岩地层深部厚矿体开采条件下,给出了用于预测分析地下开采岩体移动变形的双曲正切函数模型,采用该模型对国内某地下矿山深部开采岩体移动变形进行了具体的计算分析,并与概率积分法理论分析结果和实测数据进行了对比,结果令人满意.分析结果表明,本文所提出的理论方法适用于预测分析深部矿体开采引起的岩体移动变形问题.     

火电厂用中水水质问题及改善措施的分析

针对火电厂用于循环冷却水和锅炉补给水的中水水质不稳定的问题,介绍通过改进污水处理阶段的工艺和深度处理必电厂初级阶段中水以提高中水水质的措施,对节能减排、保护环境吴有重要意义.     

Establishing In-House Cutoffs of CSF Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers for the AT(N) Stratification of the Alzheimer Center Barcelona Cohort

Background: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increasingly incorporates CSF biomarkers. However, due to the intrinsic variability of the immunodetection techniques used to measure these biomarkers, establishing in-house cutoffs defining the positivity/negativity of CSF biomarkers is recommended. However, the cutoffs currently published are usually reported by using cross-sectional datasets, not providing evidence about its intrinsic prognostic value when applied to real-world memory clinic cases. Methods: We quantified CSF Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, t-Tau, and p181Tau with standard INNOTEST^® ELISA and Lumipulse G^® chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) performed on the automated Lumipulse G600II. Determination of cutoffs included patients clinically diagnosed with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 37) and subjective cognitive decline subjects (SCD, n = 45), cognitively stable for 3 years and with no evidence of brain amyloidosis in 18F-Florbetaben-labeled positron emission tomography (FBB-PET). To compare both methods, a subset of samples for Aβ1-42 (n = 519), t-Tau (n = 399), p181Tau (n = 77), and Aβ1-40 (n = 44) was analyzed. Kappa agreement of single biomarkers and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was evaluated in an independent group of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia patients (n = 68). Next, established cutoffs were applied to a large real-world cohort of MCI subjects with follow-up data available (n = 647). Results: Cutoff values of Aβ1-42 and t-Tau were higher for CLEIA than for ELISA and similar for p181Tau. Spearman coefficients ranged between 0.81 for Aβ1-40 and 0.96 for p181TAU. Passing–Bablok analysis showed a systematic and proportional difference for all biomarkers but only systematic for Aβ1-40. Bland–Altman analysis showed an average difference between methods in favor of CLEIA. Kappa agreement for single biomarkers was good but lower for the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. Using the calculated cutoffs, we were able to stratify MCI subjects into four AT(N) categories. Kaplan–Meier analyses of AT(N) categories demonstrated gradual and differential dementia conversion rates (p = 9.815⁻²⁷). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models corroborated these findings, demonstrating that the proposed AT(N) classifier has prognostic value. AT(N) categories are only modestly influenced by other known factors associated with disease progression. Conclusions: We established CLEIA and ELISA internal cutoffs to discriminate AD patients from amyloid-negative SCD individuals. The results obtained by both methods are not interchangeable but show good agreement. CLEIA is a good and faster alternative to manual ELISA for providing AT(N) classification of our patients. AT(N) categories have an impact on disease progression. AT(N) classifiers increase the certainty of the MCI prognosis, which can be instrumental in managing real-world MCI subjects.     

大型同步发电机内全流场数值计算与分析

依据计算流体力学理论,应用有限体积法对大型同步发电机定子通风沟流体速度进行了计算与分析,并且对全流场中,由于转子旋转离心作用转子内流体速度(转子旋转流体场)对定子径向通风沟流体速度的影响进行了仿真计算与分析,得出一些有益的结论.     

考虑流固耦合的混流式水轮机转轮模态分析

迄今为止 ,国内的许多进口和国产的大型水轮机组转轮叶片都出现了不同程度的裂纹破坏 ,严重影响了电站的安全生产和机组的稳定运行[1 ,2 ] 。大量的研究表明 ,导致裂纹产生的一个重要原因是水力激力引发的结构共振所产生的动载荷作用。特别是出现低频共振时 ,极易引起结构的严重破坏[2 ] 。随着机组单机容量的不断地增加 ,转轮的固有频率降低 ,发生共振的危险性也更大。因此 ,针对转轮在水介质中的模态特性的研究具有十分重要的现实意义。本文运用全流固耦合的三维有限元方法对某一混流式转轮在水介质中的模态特性进行了研究 ,得到了转轮在水中的自振频率和振型等振动特性。结果表明 ,转轮在水中的第 1阶固有频率与叶片旋转频率相近 ,额定工况下的卡门涡频率又接近于转轮的高阶固有频率 ,这极有可能引发结构的共振 ,导致裂纹的产生。     

加入CH4促进选择性非催化还原的CFD模拟研究

在实验研究和机理分析基础上利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件Fluent,结合简化的反应机理模型,对沉降炉脱除NOx实验过程进行了模拟研究。模拟结果表明,在较低反应温度(1 073 K)下,喷入的氨基还原剂基本不与烟气中的NOx反应,形成较高的氨泄漏;而在较高的反应温度(1 373 K)下,喷入的氨基还原剂部分被烟气中的氧气氧化为NOx,导致NOx脱除效率较低。加入微量CH4能够促进较低温度下的选择性非催化还原(selective non-catalytic reduction,SNCR)反应,并减少氨泄露。在较高温度下SNCR反应速率加快,仍有部分NH3被氧化为NOx,但总体NOx脱除效率有所提高。模拟结果与实验结果的对比分析表明,采用简化的反应模型和CFD结合可以对常规SNCR反应和加入CH4的脱除NOx反应过程进行较为准确的模拟。     

环保型水基切削清洗液的研制

通过正交实验开发了一种环保型水基切削清洗液,具有很好的贮存安定性、透明度、耐蚀性以及合适的pH值,并在磨削加工中表现出了良好的润滑、清洗和防锈效果。     

青草沙水库取水泵闸库内侧消能防冲技术研究

通过理论计算与物模试验相结合,对上游取水泵闸库内侧消能防冲技术进行研究,调整库内局部整流措施,以改善出水流态,减小对出水渠及已有建筑物的冲刷,保证取水系统安全。     

油田压裂用羟丙基胍胶的合成及性能评价

主要介绍了油田用羟丙基胍胶实验室制备方法。考察了胍胶含量对压裂液中水不溶物含量的影响,交联剂对胍胶压裂液粘度的影响,羟丙基胍胶压裂液耐温耐盐性。结果表明,羟丙基胍胶压裂液中水不溶物含量小于原粉胍胶压裂液水不溶物含量的1／2;交联剂的加入有利于提高羟丙基胍胶压裂液粘度;羟丙基胍胶压裂液耐温性不很理想;耐盐性明显好于原粉胍胶压裂液。