粗颗粒煤水混合物的稠度和流变特性的研究

燃煤增压流化床的燃料制备与输送系统往往需采用气力输送方法送入加压罐后再送入炉内，系统复杂．采用煤水混合燃料泵送技术则可解决上述困难．提出了用塌落度测定方法判断０～６ｍｍ粗颗粒煤水混合物的可泵性，并选择适于泵送的较佳颗粒级配．建立了泵送与管道输送试验台进行粗颗粒徐州煤水混合物的流变特性试验，所得的泵送流变试验数据处理后的模型，可用于商用粗颗粒煤水混合物输送系统的设计计算．     

Alkali retention/separation during bagasse gasification: a comparison between a fluidised bed and a cyclone gasifier

Biomass fuelled integrated gasification/gas turbines (BIG/GTs) have been found to be one of the most promising technologies to maximise electricity output in the sugar industry. However, biomass fuels contain alkali metals (Na and K) which may be released during the gasification processes and cause deleterious effects on the downstream hardware (e.g. the blades of gas turbines). Much research has therefore been focused on different kinds of gas cleaning. Most of these projects are using a fluidised bed gasifier and includes extensive gas cleaning which leads to a high capital investment.

Increasing alkali retention/separation during the gasification may lead to improved producer gas quality and reduced costs for gas cleaning. However, very little quantitative information is available about the actual potential of this effect. In the present work, comparative bench-scale tests of bagasse gasification were therefore run in an isothermal fluidised bed gasifier and in a cyclone gasifier to evaluate which gasification process is most attractive as regards alkali retention/separation, and to try to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the retention.

The alkali retention in the fluidised bed gasifier was found to be in the range of 12–4% whereas in the cyclone gasifier the alkali separation was found to be about 70%. No significant coating of the fluidised bed's bed material particles could be observed. The SEM/EDS and the elemental maps of the bed material show that a non-sticky ash matrix consisting of mainly Si, Al and K were distributed in a solid form separated from the particles of bed material. This indicates the formation of a high temperature melting potassium containing silicate phase, which is continuously scavenged and lost from the bed through elutriation.     

反相悬浮法制备丙烯酸钠与丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水剂

以十八烷基磷酸单酯做分散剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法(ISP)制备了丙烯酸钠与丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水剂。聚合体系稳定,聚合物呈颗粒状,经过滤干燥即得,无需减压蒸馏溶剂。探讨了各种反应条件对聚合物的物理状态,吸去离子水达680ml/g聚合物,吸盐水达68ml/g聚合物。     

Hydrogen atom density in a solar plasma reactor

A density of neutral hydrogen atoms was systematically measured in the MESOX solar plasma reactor at different MW powers and flow rates. The H-atom density was measured by a gold fibre optics catalytic probe. The H-atom density was in general increasing with increasing MW power. At a pressure of 40 Pa and a power of 500 W it was about 3.5 × 10²¹ m⁻³ and at a power of 1000 W it was about 4.1 × 10²¹ m⁻³. A degree of dissociation of hydrogen molecules was between 3% and 20% depending on pressure and power. A maximum degree of dissociation was obtained at a pressure of 40 Pa and 1000 W, while the lowest one at 130 Pa and 500 W.     

新型耐高温复合反渗透膜的制备与性能

以杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮超滤膜为基膜,间苯二胺作为水相单体、均苯三甲酰氯作为有机相单体,通过界面聚合法制备了新型耐高温聚芳香酰胺复合反渗透膜.研究了单体浓度、反应时间对膜性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪表征了界面聚合反应前后膜表面形貌和化学结构的变化,并对膜的耐高温性能进行了考察.随着操作温度从20℃升高到95℃,膜的脱盐率保持在97.9%,通量从7.4 L/(m~2·h)上升至31.4 L/(m~2·h);膜在沸水中煮沸至3 h,其脱盐率基本不变而通量先增加后趋于稳定,表明杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈酮复合反渗透膜具有优良的耐高温性能.     

流化床脱水制无水氯化镁工艺研究

水氯镁石(六水氯化镁)脱水制无水氯化镁是盐湖镁资源利用的关键环节,复盐法是水氯镁石脱水的重要方法,由复盐合成、造粒及流态化热分解等步骤组成。采用热分析技术(TG-DTG)研究了复盐热解过程。结果显示,复盐热解主要分为两个阶段:第一个阶段脱去六个结晶水;第二个阶段脱去盐酸苯胺助剂,热重结果为后续实验提供理论依据。实验首先通过均匀液滴喷射技术(振动造粒)制备得到六水氯化镁-盐酸苯胺复盐颗粒。然后在流化床中进行复盐热分解脱水、脱助剂得到无水氯化镁。通过实验探索得到水氯镁石复盐流态化热分解的最佳工艺参数:脱水氮气流量1.6 m3/h～1.8 m3/h、脱盐酸苯胺氮气流量1.0 m3/h～1.2m3/h、脱水温度300℃、脱水时间0.5 h、脱盐酸苯胺温度350℃、脱盐酸苯胺时间1 h。     

XK717数控铣床床身结构的动态特性分析

以XK717铣床床身为研究对象,比较了采用不同筋板型式床身的动态性能。分析结果表明,依据零件的振型特点,选用相宜的筋板型式,可明显提高其动刚度。同时本文通过对床身筋板厚度、设计参数和壁板厚度对固有频率的灵敏度分析,找出了对该类型铣床床身结构动态特性影响较大的设计参数,使机床床身的设计既能保证有较好的结构动态特性,又能达到使其重量最轻的目的。     

制革废水快速启动UASB反应器

制革废水是一类污染负荷很高的工业废水,由于其自身的特点,利用高效的厌氧处理技术处理高负荷的制革废水还是一个新的研究领域。本文简单综述了几种制革废水快速启动UASB反应器的技术和研究,力争对UASB工艺在制革废水处理方面的实际应用起到指导作用。     

Coating quality as affected by core particle segregation in fluidized bed processing

Fluidized bed coating is an important technique in the food powder industry, where often particles of a wide size distribution are dealt with. In this paper, glass beads of different particle size distribution were coated with sodium caseinate in a top-spray fluid bed unit. Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) was used to visualize and quantify the particle motion in the fluidized bed. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy combined with image analysis were used to investigate the effect of core particle size and its distribution on the thickness and quality of the coating. Particle size significantly affected the thickness and quality of the coating, due to differences in the corresponding fluidization patterns, as corroborated by PEPT observations. As the particle size distribution becomes narrower, segregation is less likely to occur. This results in a thicker coating which is, however, less uniform compared to when cores of a wider particle size distribution are spray coated.     

Heating process of soybean using hot-air and superheated-steam fluidized-bed dryers

The present work investigated drying characteristics and inactivation of urease in soybean dried by superheated-steam and hot-air fluidized beds. The value of effective diffusion coefficient, which was determined by a method of slopes, was increased with increased drying temperature and increased moisture content. Furthermore, it depended on the type of heating medium, with higher moisture diffusion for soybean dried by hot air. Inactivation of the urease enzyme in both media showed difference in rate, in which the enzymatic inactivation was faster for soybean dried in superheated steam than in hot air. For the individual heating medium, the modified first-order reaction was adequately fitted to experimental data. The rate of inactivation was found to increase as the temperature and moisture content were increased. The urease enzyme was inactivated, along with maintaining protein solubility and lysine content being in standard range, as soybean was treated at a temperature between 135 and 150 °C for the hot air and the treatment temperature could be reduced to be lower than 135 °C by using superheated steam.