Generation of a green fluorescent protein gene chromosomal insertion containing Escherichia coli strain for gene induction-based quantification of bioavailable lysine

The importance of lysine determination in feed materials is crucial for the feed industry because this amino acid can be limiting in many of the cereal materials used for animal feeds. The bacterial gene induction-based assay developed in this study aimed to measure lysine bioavailability in feeds as an alternative analytical method for animal assays. The advantages of a gene induction-based approach include rapid and quantitative estimation of many samples and results that relate a bacterial response to a biological response observed in animals. A whole-cell biosensor strain was constructed using a fluorescent E. coli strain that has an inducible fluorescent phenotype sensitive to extracellular lysine contents. A genetic fusion that links the promoter of cad operon with a green fluorescent protein encoding gene (gfp) was constructed, and a fluorescent assay was developed. A standard lysine curve (R² = 0.95) was generated and used for lysine bioavailability quantification of four feed ingredients (whole egg protein, blood-, soybean-, and meat and bone meal). Quantities as low as 50 μg/ml protein of digested samples were sufficient for analyses using the biosensor, except for meat and bone meal. Because of the low levels of free lysine in non-digested samples, fluorescence of these protein sources containing lower than 500 μg/ml protein was not detected (except for soybean meal). The results using enzymatically digested protein sources showed that the test strain emitted a fluorescent response that was proportional to the level of lysine present in the feed samples.     

奶粉加速破坏性实验中质量参数的确定

在35℃和45℃的恒湿贮存条件下，考察了全脂和脱脂奶粉的脂肪氧化以及参与美拉德反应的蛋白质变性情况。全脂奶粉由于脂肪含量高，45℃下的硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)在10d以后便开始递增，明显早于30d才变化的反映美拉德反应的荧光强度，说明首先导致全脂奶粉品质变化的原因是脂肪氧化。在35℃和45℃下。脱脂奶粉荧光强度的增加都先于全脂奶粉，并且增加的幅度都很大，通过运用SDS-PAGE对蛋白质结构进行分析对照，荧光强度可以实时反映蛋白质的变性程度。     

涤纶增白剂的发色性能及其选用

探讨了涤纶增白剂发色性能的影响因素,研究了加工条件、环境介质及运输储存环境对增白织物白度的影响。结果表明：增白剂成分不同,发色性存在一定的差异,使用前应结合实际工艺进行筛选。可提高增白剂发色性能的推荐工艺为：本白增白剂用量0.2~0.6%（omf）,色光增白剂用量0.2~0.8%(omf),130 ℃浸渍增白20~30 min。低温（100℃）浸渍宜采用TF 902K、TF 901D增白剂等,并需提高定形温度。染浴中加入去油灵、螯合分散剂亦可提升增白效果;应避免Fe3+、光照和酚类物质等对增白剂发色     

DSD酸-三嗪类荧光增白剂的复配与增效

本文简介了复配型荧光增白剂的概念、复配的种类和方法、复配型荧光增白剂能产生加和增效的原理。介绍了国内DSD酸-三嗪类复配型荧光增白剂的研究和生产概况并列举了几项研究成果在实际应用中的效果。     

Internalization and Accumulation in Dendritic Cells of a Small pH‐Activatable Glycomimetic Fluorescent Probe as Revealed by Spectral Detection

DC‐SIGN, an antigen‐uptake receptor in dendritic cells (DCs), has a clear role in the immune response but, conversely, can also facilitate infection by providing entry of pathogens into DCs. The key action in both processes is internalization into acidic endosomes and lysosomes. Molecular probes that bind to DC‐SIGN could thus provide a useful tool to study internalization and constitute potential antagonists against pathogens. So far, only large molecules have been used to directly observe DC‐SIGN‐mediated internalization into DCs by fluorescence visualization. We designed and synthesized an appropriate small glycomimetic probe. Two particular properties of the probe were exploited: activation in a low‐pH environment and an aggregation‐induced spectral shift. Our results indicate that small glycomimetic molecules could compete with antigen/pathogen for binding not only outside but also inside the DC, thus preventing the harmful action of pathogens that are able to intrude into DCs, for example, HIV‐1.     

Development of a homogeneous competitive immunoassay for phosphorylated protein antigen based on the enhanced fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology

We describe a homogeneous competitive immunoassay for a phosphorylated protein antigen. The assay takes advantage of the enhanced fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology, which has a unique characteristic that the FRET signal is increased by the specific interaction of two fluorolabeled leucine zippers. We chose extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as a model antigen and constructed two molecular probes in which either anti-phosphorylation site antibody or the antigen peptide was chemically conjugated to the enhanced FRET probes. While these molecular probes indicated sufficient FRET signal without antigen, they displayed a significant change in the fluorescent spectrum by mixing with phosphorylated antigens. With this competitive enhanced FRET immunoassay, a phosphorylated ERK concentration within the range from 15 nM to 250 nM could be determined. Because the assay is very simple, it would be applied to not only in vitro assay but also in vivo detection of protein phosphorylation.     

Alkylation of Staurosporine to Derive a Kinase Probe for Fluorescence Applications

The natural product staurosporine is a high‐affinity inhibitor of nearly all mammalian protein kinases. The labelling of staurosporine has proven effective as a means of generating protein kinase research tools. Most tools have been generated by acylation of the 4′‐methylamine of the sugar moiety of staurosporine. Herein we describe the alkylation of this group as a first step to generate a fluorescently labelled staurosporine. Following alkylation, a polyethylene glycol linker was installed, allowing subsequent attachment of fluorescein. We report that this fluorescein–staurosporine conjugate binds to cAMP‐dependent protein kinase in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, its binding can be antagonised with unmodified staurosporine as well as ATP, indicating it targets the ATP binding site in a similar fashion to native staurosporine. This reagent has potential application as a screening tool for protein kinases of interest.     

新型芳香多羧酸的合成及荧光性质

芳香多羧酸常用于构筑金属有机框架(MOFs)材料,为了增加MOFs材料的比表面积,从而提高材料对气体的吸附性能,分别以1,3,5-三溴苯和9,10-二溴蒽为原料,通过Suzuki偶联反应设计合成两个芳香多羧酸配体,即3,3'-(9,10-蒽二基)-二苯甲酸和三-(3'-羧基苯基)苯(H3TCPB),其中前者为新化合物,其结构经1HNMR、13CNMR和HRMS表征。由于含蒽材料具有强荧光性能,研究了3,3'-(9,10-蒽二基)-二苯甲酸的固体室温UV/Vis和荧光激发光谱。结果表明,该化合物的最大吸收λmax为252和366 nm,最大发射波长为428 nm,具有发紫光的性质。使用配体H3TCPB和锌盐水热合成一个MOF,即{[Zn4(TCPB)2(OH)2(CH3OH)(DMF)3]·2DMF·H2O}∞。BET比表面积测试结果表明,其比表面积为290 m2/g。     

铕（III）-1-（氯苯基）-3-（2-羟基苯基）-丙二酮类配合物的合成与荧光性质

合成了1-(邻氯苯基)-3-(2-羟基苯基)-丙二酮(L1)、1-(间氯苯基)-3-(2-羟基苯基)-丙二酮(L2)和1-(对氯苯基)-3-(2-羟基苯基)-丙二酮(L3)3种配体,并将此3种配体分别与 Eu(III)反应生成3种新的稀土配合物。运用元素分析、红外光谱与荧光光谱等手段对配合物进行了表征。结果表明：3种配合物的组成分别为 Eu(L1)3·2H2O、Eu(L2)3·2H2O 和 Eu(L3)3·2H2O。荧光光谱显示,3种配合物的配体均能将吸收的能量有效地传递给三价铕离子,从而使配合物发射出强的铕离子的特征荧光。在3种配合物中,Eu(L1)3·2H2O 的荧光强度远大于 Eu(L2)3·2H2O 和 Eu(L3)3·2H2O 的荧光强度,这说明配体 L1与 Eu(III)离子的能级匹配较好,能量传递效率较高。     

Aggregation-induced Emission of Silole Molecules and Polymers: Fundamental and Applications

Aggregation generally quenches the light emissions of chromophoric molecules. In this review, we demonstrate that 1,1-disubstituted 2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl siloles and 2,5-difunctionalized siloles as well as their polymers exhibit the opposite behaviors. Instead of quenching, aggregation has greatly boosted their photoluminescence quantum yields by up to two orders of magnitude, turning them from faint fluorophores into strong emitters. Such “abnormal” phenomenon of “aggregation-induced emission (AIE)” is attributed to restricted intramolecular rotations of the peripheral phenyl rings against the central silole core, which block the nonradiative channel via the rotational energy relaxation processes and effectively populate the radiative decay of the excitons. Utilizing such a novel effect, siloles and their polymers find an array of applications as: sensors for chemicals, explosives, pH, and biomacromolecules (proteins, DNAs and RNAs), indicators for determining CMC and monitoring layer-by-layer self-assembling, biocompatible fluorogens for cell imaging, visualizing agent for DNA gel electrophoresis, biolabels for immunoassay, stimuli-responsive organic nanomaterials, magnetic fluorescent nanoparticles for potential bio-imaging and -separation, and outstanding materials for efficient OLEDs and PV cells.