基于烃类组成的催化裂解反应规律北大核心CSCD

目的研究催化裂解过程中不同烃类的反应规律,提升原料油烃类利用率和目标产物的选择性,挖掘“油产化”的潜力。方法基于原料油和产物的烃类组成,详细分析了从原料油到反应产物不同烃类的表观转化率,并对不同烃类的转化与生成途径进行了分析与探讨。结果在催化裂解反应过程中,链烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃的表观转化率分别为93.06%、97.05%和58.53%,其中,单环、双环、三环、四环和五环及以上芳烃的表观转化率分别为61.49%、11.34%、65.17%、29.27%和96.35%。催化裂解产物与原料油物质的量之比为7.68,产物芳烃与原料油芳烃物质的量之比为2.99。液体产物中可进一步转化为目标产物的烃类质量分数为27.50%,产物中单环芳烃通过原料油中非芳烃芳构化反应生成的比例为96.16%。结论链烷烃和环烷烃催化裂解转化较为彻底,而芳烃表观转化率较低,且不同环数芳烃的表观转化率差异较大,并呈现出奇环数芳烃表观转化率高、偶环数芳烃表观转化率低的特征。裂解反应和芳构化反应是催化裂解过程中最重要的两类反应,不同烃类的表观轻质化顺序为链烷烃>单环芳烃>环烷烃>双环芳烃>三环及以上芳烃,产物中单环芳烃主要来自原料油中非芳烃的芳构化反应,液体产物中可转化为目标产物的烃类仍有进一步压减的空间。     

预先老化对注F nMOS器件辐射可靠性的影响

对注F和未注F CC4007器件在100℃高温老化后的Co60辐照特性进行了研究．研究发现辐照前的高温老化减少了注F器件在辐照中的界面态陷阱电荷的积累,但是普通器件辐照前的高温老化在减少辐照中界面态积累的同时却增加了氧化物电荷的积累,损害了器件的可靠性．可见,栅介质中F离子的引入可以明显提高器件的可靠性．     

一种混合药剂自动造粒设备

为解决国内某硅系混合药剂依赖于人工生产,劳动强度大、生产效率低、生产环境恶劣、生产安全保障 性差等问题,设计一套自动对混合药剂进行造粒的设备。介绍该设备的主要技术要求、机械系统设计及组成,采用 PLC 与伺服系统控制进行作业时间、速度等参数的设定,分别对电气控制硬件和软件进行设计,并通过实际生产验 证。应用结果表明：该设备能实现某硅系混合药剂的自动造粒生产,生产效率高。     

Fluorinated Polyimide as a Novel High‐Voltage Binder for High‐Capacity Cathode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

An increase in the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries has long been a competitive advantage for advanced wireless devices and long‐driving electric vehicles. Li‐rich layered oxide, xLi₂MnO₃?(1?x)LiMn_1?y?zNi_yCo_zO₂, is a promising high‐capacity cathode material for high‐energy batteries, whose capacity increases by increasing charge voltage to above 4.6 V versus Li. Li‐rich layered oxide cathode however suffers from a rapid capacity fade during the high‐voltage cycling because of instable cathode–electrolyte interface, and the occurrence of metal dissolution, particle cracking, and structural degradation, particularly, at elevated temperatures. Herein, this study reports the development of fluorinated polyimide as a novel high‐voltage binder, which mitigates the cathode degradation problems through superior binding ability to conventional polyvinylidenefluoride binder and the formation of robust surface structure at the cathode. A full‐cell consisting of fluorinated polyimide binder‐assisted Li‐rich layered oxide cathode and conventional electrolyte without any electrolyte additive exhibits significantly improved capacity retention to 89% at the 100th cycle and discharge capacity to 223–198 mA h g^?1 even under the harsh condition of 55 °C and high charge voltage of 4.7 V, in contrast to a rapid performance fade of the cathode coated with polyvinylidenefluoride binder.     

High-performance Poly(biphenyl piperidinium) Type Anion Exchange Membranes with Interconnected Ion Transfer Channels: Cooperativity of Dual Cations and Fluorinated Side Chains

The performance of alkaline fuel cells is severely limited by substandard anion exchange membranes (AEMs) due to the lower ionic conductivity compared to the proton exchange membranes. The ionic conductivity of AEMs can be effectively improved by regulating the microphase structure, but it still cannot meet the practical use requirements. Here, enhanced microphase-separated structures are constructed by the cooperativity of highly hydrophilic dual cations and highly hydrophobic fluorinated side chains. Meanwhile, the introduction of  O enhances the flexibility of side chains and facilitates the formation of ion transport channels. The dual piperidinium cation functionalized membrane (PB2Pip-5C8F) which is grafted with the ultra-hydrophobic fluorocarbon chain exhibits a high conductivity of 74.4 mS cm⁻¹ at 30 °C and 168.46 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C. Furthermore, the PB2Pip-5C8F membrane achieves the highest peak power density of 718 mW cm⁻² at 80 °C under a current density of 1197 mA cm⁻² without back pressure. A long-term life cell test of this AEM shows a low voltage decay rate of 1.68 mV h⁻¹ over 70 h of operation at 80 °C.     

Transition‐Metal‐Free Magnesium‐Based Batteries Activated by Anionic Insertion into Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets

Considering resource abundance, high volumetric energy density, and safer anodic electroplating, the Mg‐based battery is thought to be one of the most promising systems beyond current Li‐ion batteries. However, the development of Mg batteries is hindered by the narrow electrochemical window of electrolytes as well as by inapplicable cathode frameworks. In this work, it is proposed, for the first time, to utilize a fast surface redox process to replace sluggish lattice migration for improving the kinetics of Mg batteries. Taking fluorinated graphene nanosheets (FGSs) as model material, a reversible capacity higher than 100 mAh g^?1 is achieved in a pseudocapacitance behavior from 2.75 to 0.5 V. Different from traditional storage mechanisms, this proof‐of‐concept Mg/FGS system is activated by a prior anionic process followed by reversible cationic storage. The dilution of charge density by forming large‐sized monovalent complex cations and the easy access to surface redox sites are responsible for the negligible voltage polarization without an evident MgF₂ nucleation phenomenon.     

智能复合材料光纤传感层的研究

光纤自诊断系统是智能复合材料结构的重要组成部分。但是 ,将光纤传感器阵列埋入复合材料是实现智能复合材料的一个难题。解决这一问题的方法是将光纤传感器集成在一起形成一个模块化的便于埋入复合材料中的光纤传感层。本文探讨两种使用聚酰亚胺制作传感层的方法。一种是把光纤传感器阵列埋入聚酰亚胺薄膜中 ;另一种是用作为光学材料的含氟聚酰亚胺制作矩形 (道沟 )光波导和光传感器。后一种方法制作的传感器模块集成度高、可靠性好 ,是值得注意的发展方向。     

CF4预处理后热生长薄栅氧漏电流及势垒研究

嵌入式Flash Memory要求低的工作电压．采用反应离子刻蚀技术，用CF4气体在低功率下对硅片做预处理，再热生长薄氧化层，从而在氧化层中引入F，降低氧化层势垒:势垒高度从3.05eV降低到2.5eV，隧穿电流增加，从而可以在低压下提高Flash Memory的编程效率．     

VLSI用低介电常数含氟碳膜研究

用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)法制备了不同工艺条件下的含氟碳膜。测量了薄膜的厚度和介电常数,并用傅立叶红外光谱分析了薄膜化学结构,发现薄膜成分和介电性与沉积工艺密切相关,对薄膜的SEM分析表明所得薄膜均匀致密。控制适当的工艺条件,可沉积理想的超大规模集成电路(VLSI)用钝化膜。     

单氟取代苯基二苯乙炔基异硫氰酸酯的合成与液晶性质研究

为了满足液晶光学器件快速响应的要求,采用有机合成方法获得了6种单氟取代苯基二苯乙炔基异硫氰酸酯类液晶化合物。首先用IR和1HNMR对6种单氟取代液晶化合物的结构进行了表征,其次通过差热分析对其相变温度进行了测试,利用液晶综合参数测试仪对其液晶性能进行了研究。红外和核磁图谱表明合成的化合物即为目标化合物;差热分析获知这些化合物90℃左右进入液晶相,并且氟取代位置在与异硫氰酸酯基相连苯环的2号位置时有相对较低的熔点,最低的熔点可达到83.4℃;液晶综合参数测试结果表明这6种化合物的Δn值为0.432~0.681,同时氟取代位置在与异硫氰酸酯基相连苯环的3号位置时有相对更佳的响应性能。这些化合物在制备快速响应液晶光学器件中可能会有潜在的应用价值。