以石油替代为目标的我国新型煤化工

我国油气资源比较匮乏,而煤炭资源相对丰富,新型煤化工是以煤为原料生产洁净能源和可替代石油原料的化工产品为目标。简要介绍了我国新型煤化工制油、烯烃、天然气、乙二醇在建和在运项目,提出我国新型煤化工要创造技术核心竞争力,实现与石油路线经济效益竞争的优势,具有特殊战略意义的观点。同时,指出企业延长产业链、提高产品附加值,并不一定能够获得较好的投资回报。     

中水回用循环冷却水系统研究及现场应用

针对滨海新区中水水质,研究了适应天津经济技术开发区某热电公司应用的中水水质、系统材质和工况条件的水处理药剂及其配套高浓缩倍率水处理技术,并应用于现场运行控制。通过对近五年现场应用结果进行深入总结分析,说明中水回用于循环水系统处理技术是成功的,取得明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

欧盟内分泌干扰物监管法规研究

内分泌干扰物问题近年来已成为全球性的焦点问题。本文综述了欧盟有关内分泌干扰物的化学品监管法规,并指出欧盟未来对于内分泌干扰物的监管趋势。     

孔溶液电导率与电测混凝土渗透性

AASHTOT2 77或ASTMC12 0 2通过对混凝土试件两端加一 60V的直流电压 ,测量其 6小时通过的电量 ,并以此评定混凝土抗氯离子渗透性等级。该方法本质上测量的是混凝土电导率 ,其值的大小取决于混凝土的孔隙结构和孔溶液的化学成分。由于混凝土中的氯离子传质几乎不受孔溶液的化学成分影响 ,故用所测量通过混凝土的电量划分其抗氯离子渗透性的等级是不当的。     

多功能咔咯配合物的合成与应用进展

咔咯(Corrole)是由4个吡咯共轭相连而形成的新型卟啉类大环配合物,它们能稳定结合具有较高氧化态的金属离子,所形成的金属配合物具有比较独特的光化学、电化学、光物理和光生物性质。研究表明,咔咯是一类非常重要的多功能配合物,它们在精细化学品领域具有广阔的应用前景。对咔咯配合物的主要合成方法、配合物用作精细化工催化剂、燃料电池电极催化材料、抗肿瘤光敏剂、电化学传感器和非线性光学材料等方面的研究和应用作了综述。     

安全健康“新日化”

结合目前中国日化行业市场状况,对目前行业中存在的原料安全性问题和相关法规的制定等进行了详细分析和讨论。提出绿色安全健康"新日化"成为未来行业的发展方向,并对如何理解"新日化"进行了详细论述。     

滚动开发油田油气集输工艺技术研究

根据滚动开发油田的原油生产特点,探索出了适合该油田开发的油气集输工艺,并在濮城油田濮四集中处理站加以实施。通过简化工艺流程,优化分离器、加热炉的内部结构,采用端点加药、磁处理原油脱水器,选用高效节能的离心油泵等措施,使油气集输工艺系统运行平稳、可靠,满足了生产要求,并取得了良好的经济及社会效益。     

BTEX Removal from Produced Water Using Surfactant-Modified Zeolite

Produced water (water generated during recovery of petroleum) contains large amounts of various hazardous organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). With increasing regulations governing disposal of this water, low-cost treatment options are necessary. This study evaluated the effectiveness of surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) for removal of BTEX from produced water. The long-term effectiveness of SMZ for BTEX removal was investigated along with changes in sorption properties with long-term use. The results of these investigations show that SMZ completely removes BTEX from produced water up to a compound-specific capacity, and that SMZ can be regenerated via air sparging without loss of sorption capacity. The BTEX mobility in laboratory columns of SMZ was in the order of decreasing water solubility and increasing Kow. The most soluble compound, benzene, began to elute at 8 pore volumes (PV), while the least soluble compounds, ethylbenzene and xylenes, began to elute at 50 PV. After treating 4,500 PVs of water in the column system over 10 sorption/regeneration cycles, no significant reduction in sorption capacity of the SMZ for BTEX was observed. The mean Kds determined in these column experiments ranged from 18.3?L/kg for benzene to 95.0?L/kg for p- and m-xylene. Laboratory columns were upscaled to create a field-scale SMZ treatment system. The field-scale system was tested at a natural gas produced-water treatment facility near Wamsutter, Wyo. We observed even greater sorption of BTEX in the field column than predicted from the laboratory results. In the field column, initial benzene breakthrough occurred at 10 PV and toluene breakthrough began at 15 PV, and no breakthrough of ethylbenzene or xylenes occurred throughout the 80 PV experiment. The field and laboratory results, along with the low price of SMZ (about $460?per?metric?t), suggest that SMZ has a potential role in a cost-effective produced water treatment system.     

Volatilization Characteristics of Organic Compounds in the Coagulation Process

The emissions of two types of organic solutes during the coagulation process were simulated using Jar Test equipment and two additives, coagulant and polymer, to evaluate the volatilization characteristics under various operating conditions. The solute volatilization rates were found to be a function of the liquid mixing intensity, the chemical properties of the additives, and the properties of solutes, including molecular weight (M), Henry’s law constant (H), and water solubility (S). The volatilization rates of the high H solutes increased sharply as the mixing intensity increased. Moreover, the volatilization rates of selected compounds were only slightly dependent on the coagulant concentrations due to the inorganic property of the coagulant. On the other hand, the effective volatilization reduction of the high H solutes in the existence of organic flocculant was a result of the enhancement of solutes solubility in water solutions. However, the above inhibition effects decreased significantly when the mixing intensity increased. Finally, the emission rates of the low H solutes were weakly correlated with both the solution properties and the operating parameters, due to their high affinity with the solution and the major volatilization resistance existing in the gas phase. Two different approaches, i.e., the two-film theory and the modified Knudsen diffusion equation, were used to explain the solute volatilization characteristics in the simulation process.     

Treatment of Paint Spray Booth Off-Gases in a Fungal Biofilter

Biological processes, most notably biofilters and biotrickling filters, are increasingly used to remove and biodegrade a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in gas streams emitted from industrial operations. In the research described herein, a laboratory-scale biofilter was operated for a period of more than 180 days to treat a waste gas comprised of a four-component VOC mixture representative of solvents present in off-gases emitted by painting operations. The biofilter, packed with a cubed polyurethane foam media and initially inoculated with a pure culture of the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum, was maintained under acidic conditions throughout the duration of the experiments. The system was supplied with a mixture of n-butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, and toluene with influent concentrations of 124, 50.5, 174, and 44.6 mg?m?3, respectively. The biofilter’s empty bed residence time (EBRT) was varied from 2.0 min to 15 s. When the influent gas stream was properly humidified, the system exhibited stable long-term performance with an average total VOC removal greater than 98% even with an EBRT as low as 15 s. Under the loading condition tested, this corresponds to an average elimination capacity of 92 g?m?3?h?1. VOC concentration profiles measured along the height of the biofilter revealed a distinct VOC degradation pattern that was observed under all loading conditions tested. Although the column was initially inoculated with only Cladosporium sphaerospermum, several additional species of fungi tentatively identified as Penicillium brevicompactum, Exophiala jenselmei, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium nygamai, Talaromyces flavus, and Fonsecaea pedrosi were found growing attached to the packing medium by the end of experiment. Results demonstrate that fungal biofilters can consistently maintain high removal efficiency for paint VOC mixtures over extended periods of operation. The results also indicate that it would be difficult and likely unnecessary to maintain specific species in full-scale fungal biofilters treating paint spray booth emissions.