1,8-萘酰亚胺荧光单体的合成、表征与荧光性质

以4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐和乙醇胺为原料,经过路线1(胺化、酰胺化、季铵化)和路线2(酰胺化、胺化、季铵化)分别得到一种水溶性荧光单体4-(N'甲基-1-哌嗪基)-N-羟乙基-1,8-萘二甲酰烯丙基氯季铵盐,总收率分别为51.8%和45.3%。通过单因素实验确定了季铵化反应的最佳合成条件:n(中间体化合物3):n(烯丙基氯)=1:3.5,反应温度50℃,以丙酮为溶剂,反应时间6 h,在此条件下,该步收率达到72.4%。采用红外光谱、质谱及核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,并对其荧光光谱进行了初步研究。     

硫化铜镍矿选矿过程产物工艺矿物学分析

在采用光学显微镜大量观察分析的基础上,结合运用扫描电镜、X射线能谱分析、X射线衍射、ICP和化学物相分析等测试分析仪器,较系统的分析了某硫化铜镍矿选别过程产品,包括一、二段原矿、一、二段精矿和尾矿中的矿物组成及其主要矿物的单体解离等。结果表明,该矿石中约10%和5%的镍、铜元素是以氧化态存在的;两段磨矿产品中主要的镍铜矿物的单体解离度不高;相对较粗颗粒与硫化物不能有效解离,微细粒脉石夹杂是精矿中上浮。建议改进优化磨矿粒度组成,提高相对较粗粒级中硫化物的单体解离,降低微细粒硫化物的含量;强化粗粒和微细粒硫化物的捕收,控制粗粒单体氧化镁矿物的上浮,及微细粒氧化镁矿物的夹杂捕收,可有效提高回收率、降低精矿氧化镁含量。     

Advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based elastomer composites

This article reviews the advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials and the synthesis of LDH-based elastomer composites. The potential of tuning the structure of LDH materials for desired properties and applications has attracted both academic and industrial interest in recent years. The modification of LDH materials and the use of such materials in the synthesis of composites with different elastomer matrices have been critically analyzed. Emphasis has been given to the use of Mg-Al LDHs and Zn-Al LDHs with different elastomers. The use of modified LDHs with elastomers substantially improves their mechanical, thermal and optical properties. Even “smart properties” of elastomers, such as reversible thermotropic optical characteristics, have been realized with the use of LDH-based multifunctional additives in rubber formulations. The flame retardance of some elastomer composites has also been enhanced with the use of modified LDHs. The possibility of replacing ZnO with LDH during rubber compounding has also been discussed, which would lead to drastic interventions in the well-established rubber processing technologies. LDH materials have also been reported to be biocompatible. Therefore, among the various possible applications of LDHs in different material development processes, their use in rubber technology offers the potential for environmentally friendly rubber products, even tires. Throughout this article, the structure, synthesis, properties and applications of elastomer/(LDH) composites are discussed, including suitable examples taken from the relevant literature.     

新型地毯粘合剂

采用功能性单体通过乳液共聚合成了一种水乳型地毯粘合剂。     

稳定的无皂阳离子乳液的制备

在无皂条件下,利用偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)作引发剂,探讨苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯/甲基丙烯酰乙氧二甲基丁基溴化铵(St/BA/DBMA)三元阳离子共聚物乳液制备的合理条件,通过电镜观察到粒子形态规则,大小均一。功能性单体DBMA是以甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯和正溴丁烷为原料,选择乙腈作溶剂合成,制取的最终产品纯度高,收率高。     

Correlation of the volumetric properties of fluorinated ethers by the group-contribution volume-ratio method

(p, V, T) data obtained with simple volmnometers are usually restricted to a small range of temperatures below and above ambient temperature. The modified Tait equation has been very useful for extrapolating (p, V, T) data for individual liquids. The available volumetric data for fluorinated ethers is reviewed and is expressed as a correlation by using the Tait equation and the group-contribution volume-ratio method. Volume ratios obtained from this correlation used in combination with the densities of the liquid along the saturation boundary should provide the densities for a wide temperature and pressure range for the fluorinated ethers, including some which may be useful as longterm replacements for existing alternative refrigerants.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties. June 19–24, 1994, Boulder, Colorado. U.S.A.     

Plasma surface modifications for improved biocompatibility of commercial polymers

This report describes work using low pressure gas plasma techniques for the fabrication of surfaces designed for compatibility with biological tissue and fluids. The smoothness of the surfaces was investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and the wettability was assessed by measurement of air/water contact angles. Plasma surface treatment rendered fluorocarbon polymers wettable by polar liquids, but the wettability decreased with time during storage of the samples in air. Plasma polymerization, on the other hand, allowed the deposition of thin coatings which were more stable with time. STM of plasma polymers, which were coated with a sputtered film of platinum or gold, showed that these coatings were smooth and continuous. The attachment and growth of human umbilical artery endothelial cells was used to assess the biocompatibility of several plasma polymer surfaces. There was some correlation between the ability of a surface to grow cells and the wettability of that surface with polar liquids, but significant differences in cell growth on surfaces with very similar hydrophilicity indicated that other factors are at least as important.     

侧向氟取代负介电各向异性液晶

负介电各向异性（－Δε）液晶广泛应用于DS，ECB，GH，FLC，PDLC，VA－TFT、MDVA－TFT等模式的液晶显示中，此类液晶可以用来调液晶混合物的Δε/ε以改善液晶显示器件的电光特性，本文对侧向氟取代负介电各向异性液晶的结构，性质和应用作了论述。     

双马来酰亚胺基体树脂研究双马来酰亚胺/烷基取代双马来酰亚胺/二乙烯苯体系

本文报导一种工艺性能较好的耐高温双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂体系。它由二种BMI的共混物与二乙烯苯预聚而成。这种树脂具有低的熔点(63～67℃),良好的溶液性,可用丙酮作溶剂制造预浸料。复合材料的成型温度为180℃,可用普通热压罐成型。成型的复合材料试件经230℃后处理具有高的耐热性:在250℃的强度保持率>60%。     

Use of certain alcohol ethoxylates to maintain protease stability in the presence of anionic surfactants

Anionic surfactants, including linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), are known to decrease the stability of detergent proteases, possibly by hastening autoproteolytic processes. Thus, protease shelf life in enzyme-containing, heavy-duty liquid laundry detergents (HDL) is typically maintained by adding stabilizers, by limiting the level of interfering anionics, or by utilizing more compatible anionics, such as alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES). This study examines the stability of Savinase^® detergent protease in HDL formulations based on LAS and containing different alcohol ethoxylates (AE) for protection against protease inactivation. Dose response curves demonstrated that all commonly used anionic surfactants except AES promote loss of protease activity. In HDL formulations with equal percentage compositions of LAS and AE, the structure of the selected AE was found to have a profound influence on protease stability. Inclusion of AE with chain length ≥C₁₄ and ethoxylate levels >70% resulted in greater protease stability. HDL containing LAS and these protective AE could be formulated to achieve protease stability matching those of simulated commercial products. Unlike polyhydric stabilizers, the AE by themselves confer no additional stability to the protease. It is more likely that the stabilizing effect of the “protective” AE is due to decreased availability of LAS to the protease.