The derivation of a chiral substituent code for secondary alcohols and its application to the prediction of enantioselectivity

A chiral substituent code was proposed based on the features of secondary alcohols, in which a chiral center is attached to two substituents in addition to OH and H substituents. The new chirality code, which was generated by predefining positional information of four substituents attached to stereocenter, was applied to two datasets composed of secondary alcohols as the enantioselective products of asymmetric reactions. In the first dataset, the chemical reaction was catalyzed by a biocatalyst, lipase from Candida rugosa. The catalyst for the second dataset was (−)-diisopinocampheylchloroborane. The structure–enantioselectivity relationship models were constructed using random forests with the chiral substituent code as the input. The resulting models were assessed both in terms of single enantiomers and pairs of enantiomers. Satisfactory results were obtained for both datasets. Although the chiral substituent code was specifically developed for secondary alcohols, it can easily be extended to represent chiral compounds possessing a specific chiral center bonded to two variable substituents.     

试论《林产化工通讯》加入《CAJ-CD》的意义

介绍了CAJ CD的基本功能 ,论述了《林产化工通讯》加入《CAJ CD》的主要意义在于促进了期刊的规范化、标准化建设 ,扩大了杂志及本行业的社会影响 ,方便了读者查询和使用     

林麝保护的现状及研究进展

就林麝保护的现状及相关研究的进展,从其分类、种群分布,及人工繁殖等方面进行介绍,并结合相关研究成果对林麝的保护和可持续利用提出自己的观点,以期对进一步深入研究林麝的保护和永久合理利用提供参考。     

分形递归树的森林景观实时模拟方法

为真实地模拟自然界的森林景观,在利用分形递归算法构建参数化三维树木模型的基础上,结合OpenGL函数,将纹理映射、Alpha测试和地面阴影应用到树木的真实感绘制中．并在算法中引入随机数,实现大小不同、形态各异的树木生成．绘制时,根据视点距离的远近,调整场景的精细程度,以符合视觉效果,且加快了图形生成速度．以此方法构造森林,可改变观察者的视点位置,实现对森林景观的实时模拟．     

光恩乡水土保持果林工程效益分析

简述了宾县光恩乡水土保持果林工程建设模式与建设成果,效益分析表明该果林工程经济和社会效益显,有推广价值。     

喀斯特地区不同林型土壤持水性分析

森林是陆地上重要的生态系统类型,虽然喀斯特森林的面积相对较小,但其土壤的涵养水源功能对喀斯特地区水土保持和生态恢复仍具有重要意义。研究以贵州典型喀斯特林地为例,采用野外定点采样结合室内实验的方法,对不同林型下土壤的物理特性和持水特征进行分析。结果表明,喀斯特林地内土壤容重随着土层深度的增加而增大,而土壤的孔隙度随着土层深度的增加而减小。同为石灰土情况下,土壤容重的均值大小为针叶林阔叶林混交林,有效持水量的大小为阔叶林混交林针叶林。黄壤针叶林土壤容重小于石灰土针叶林,两种林型土壤孔隙度差异不明显。除毛管持水量外,其它持水能力指标黄壤针叶林均略大于石灰土针叶林。喀斯特林地土壤饱和的含水量很大程度取决于土壤容重,毛管孔隙度对饱和的含水量的影响并不显著。     

基于Isolation Forest改进的数据异常检测方法

针对现有的基于隔离森林(Isolation Forest)的数据异常检测算法检测精度低、执行效率差和泛化能力弱等问题,提出一种改进的数据异常检测方法SA-iForest。该方法基于模拟退火算法选择精度高和有差异性的隔离树来优化森林,同时去除冗余的隔离树,改进了隔离森林的森林构建。采用标准仿真数据集对所提方法进行验证,结果表明该方法与传统Isolation Forest和LOF方法相比,在准确率、执行效率和稳定性方面均有显著提高。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid to grazing cows in early lactation

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are potent anticarcinogens in animal and in vitro models as well as inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis in mammary gland, liver, and adipose tissue. Our objective was to evaluate long-term CLA supplementation of lactating dairy cows in tropical pasture on milk production and composition and residual effects posttreatment. Thirty crossbred cows grazing stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfüensis) were blocked by parity and received 150 g/d of a dietary fat supplement of either Ca-salts of palm oil fatty acids (control) or a mixture of Ca-salts of CLA (CLA treatment). Supplements of fatty acids were mixed with 4 kg/d of concentrate. Grazing plus supplements were estimated to provide 115% of the estimated metabolizable protein requirements from 28 to 84 d in milk (treatment period). The CLA supplement provided 15 g/d of cis-9,trans-11 and 22 g of cis-10,trans-12. Residual effects were evaluated from 85 to 112 d in milk (residual period) when cows were fed an 18% crude protein concentrate without added fat. The CLA treatment increased milk production but reduced milk fat concentration from 2.90 to 2.14% and fat production from 437 to 348 g/d. Milk protein concentration increased by 11.5% (2.79 to 3.11%) and production by 19% (422 to 504 g/d) in the cows fed CLA. The CLA treatment decreased milk energy concentration and increased milk volume, resulting in unchanged energy output. Milk production and protein concentration and production were also greater during the residual period for the CLA-treated cows. The CLA treatment reduced production of fatty acids (FA) of all chain lengths, but the larger effect was on short-chain FA, causing a shift toward a greater content of longer chain FA. The CLA treatment increased total milk CLA content by 30% and content of the trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomer by 88%. The CLA treatment tended to decrease the number of days open, suggesting a possible effect on reproduction. Under tropical grazing conditions, in a nutritionally challenging environment, CLA-treated cows decreased milk fat content and secreted the same amount of milk energy by increasing milk volume and milk protein production.     

贡嘎山冰川森林区径流过程模拟

山地冰川森林的水文效应是陆地生态系统中森林和水的相互作用及其功能的综合体现。在不同的地区,由于气候、地势、地质条件、土壤和地形等因素的综合影响,山地冰川森林的存在和变化呈现出不同的水文生态响应。针对山地冰川森林区的水文特点,建立了了具有物理机制的山地冰川森林流域分布式DGF-SLEHM（Distributed Glacial Forest Space-Land-Ecology Hydrology Model）水文模型,它在一般模型的基础上,增加了反映山地冰川森林植被截留和植被蒸散发结构、森林土壤结构以及积雪融雪计算处理的模块。并以贡嘎山典型的山地冰川森林区———黄崩溜沟流域为例,对山地冰川森林影响水文作用的复杂过程及其水文生态效应展开模拟分析。从总径流量和年径流过程模拟的统计特征来看,该模型大体上反映出山地冰川森林区的径流过程,能够对地面水文过程进行系统仿真。     

A database framework of digital forestry towards sustainable forestry development in China

Six forestry scientific and technological projects being actualized in China were the implementations of ecological construction and security, development of forestry biological technique and fine variety cultivation, protection and utilization of forest biological germplasm resources, development of forestry bio-industry and digital forestry, and construction of forestry innovation ability. Among them, digital forestry was an effective measure to improve the ability of forestry innovation, to realize resources sharing, and to develop sustainable forestry. Spatial database of digital forestry should be constructed according to the criteria and index system of forest sustainable management. Based on analyzing the status and advances of China's digital forestry construction, a database framework of digital forestry towards sustainable forestry development was studied and established preparatorily. The database was divided into four layers as theory layer, system layer, status layer, and parameter layer. It was concluded that during the process of digital forestry platform construction, the relative social, economic, and politic data should be considered and collected, which meant that the database should represent not only the current forestry development, but also the social, politic, and economic situations. Constructing China's digital forestry information platform under full utilization of idea and index system for sustainable forest management was urgent and important.