集成压裂机组研制

针对我国油田特定区决施工特点，通过对油田现用设备使用情况的分析和具体区决施工参数的统计，提出了集成压裂机组研制内容和配置，研制开发了集成压裂机组。产品结合了2000型压裂泵输出功率大、压力和排量覆盖范围合理的条件，集成了压裂车、混砂车、管汇车和仪表车的功能，实现了单台设备完成试压、压裂、酸化、防砂等多种施工流程，改变了常规施工作业设备种类和人员多、操作指挥复杂的施工模式，为油田提供了适合工艺要求的设备。     

金线断口的分析

运用扫描电子显微镜技术，对金线断口观察分析，讨论金线在拉伸过程中断裂时断口形貌及断裂的原因，发现，断裂是由于金锭中的气体和杂质引起的，并提出改进生产工艺的意见。     

Microstructure-related fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behaviour in toughened, anhydride-cured epoxy resins

Fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of plain and modified anhydride-cured epoxy resin (EP) were studied at ambient temperature. Liquid carboxyl-terminated acrylonitrile-butadiene (CTBN) and silicon (SI) rubber dispersions were used as tougheners for the EP. The morphology of the modified EP was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fracture toughness, K_c, of the compositions decreased with increasing deformation rate. K_c of the EP was slightly improved by CTBN addition and practically unaffected by incorporation of the SI dispersion when tests were performed at low cross-head speed, v. Both modifiers improved K_c at high v, and also the resistance to FCP, by shifting the curves to higher stress intensity factor ranges, ΔK, by comparison with the plain EP. It was established that both fracture and fatigue performance rely on the compliance, J_R, at the rubbery plateau, and thus on the apparent molecular mass between crosslinks, M_c. The failure mechanisms were less dependent upon the loading mode (fracture, fatigue), but differed basically for the various modifiers. Rubber-induced cavitation and shear yielding of the EP were dominant for CTBN, whereas crack bifurcation and branching controlled the cracking in SI-modified EP. The simultaneous use of both modifiers resulted in a synergistic effect for both the fracture toughness at high deformation rate and the FCP behavior.     

The combined effects of curing and environmental exposure on fracture properties of woven carbon/epoxy laminates

This paper concerns a study of the combined effects of curing conditions and environmental exposure on the ultimate properties of two commercial woven carbon/epoxy laminates. Curing parameters (heating rate and applied pressure) were varied so as to obtain six different conditions for each material. Moisture saturation was also achieved by exposing some of the cured samples to environmental conditions of 70°C and 95% relative humidity. Four different tests (tensile, impact, Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture resistance) were therefore performed, and the results obtained on the different materials before and after moisture saturation compared. Neither curing pressure nor heating rate nor moisture absorption were observed to have any practical effect on tensile and impact properties. On the contrary, one noticeable effect was the interlaminar fracture resistance of the laminates. The results are discussed and interpreted in terms of damage formation and stress intensification mechanisms.     

Failure of Al-Mg-Si alloys in bending

The bendability of two Al-Mg-Si heat-treatable alloys was studied and compared with the performance of a non-heat-treatable Al-Mg alloy. A semi-guided wrap-bend tester consistent with ASTM E290 was used to obtain minimum bend radii and produce consistent bend radii for analysis of fracture mechanisms. Bending failure in these alloys was based on a surface roughening, or orange peel, process where the outer surface grains separated and produced depressions on the surface of the material. These depressions acted as notches that increased local stresses and eventually caused failure. The fracture was intergranular in nature, with a jagged crack progressing through the thickness of the material. Several factors that affect the bendability of AA6xxx alloys are quantified in this study. Critical elements regarding natural aging, artificial aging, deformation, and composition are discussed. A parameter of specific interest is the inclusion of copper in these alloys. Copper was added in an effort to increase the artificial aging response of selected alloys. This is of particular importance in the automotive industry because artificial aging occurs during the painting process, but adequate time and temperature is not provided to fully strengthen the alloys. It is believed by some automotive manufacturers that the inclusion of copper can have a negative effect on formability and bendability.     

微合金钢模拟焊接热影响区组织和韧性研究

采用焊接模拟试验方法，研究了不同峰值温度（Tmax）和不同冷却时间（t8/5），对合Ti-N、TI-NB-N两种微合金钢热影响（HAZ）显微组织、奥氏体晶粒度、冲击韧性影响。试验结果表明：Ti-N钢焊接热影响区比Ti-Nb-n钢具有更高的冲击韧性、更适用于大线能量的焊接条件。     

Effect of crack-growth mechanism on the prediction of fracture load of adhesive joints

This paper presents observations regarding the cracking behavior of tensile-loaded structural adhesive joints. Experiments showed that fracture occurred by the development and propagation of a damage zone, rather than a single, sharp crack, and that the presence of the adhesive spew fillet did not affect the fracture load of the adhesive joints studied. For joints bonded with the mineral-filled epoxy Cybond 4523GB (American Cyanamid), there was approximately 5 mm of subcritical crack propagation prior to final fracture. Fracture-load predictions based on the initial uncracked geometry made in previous papers were unaffected by this small change in geometry. For joints bonded with the rubber-toughened epoxy Permabond ESP 310, approximately 50 mm of subcritical crack propagation was observed. It was again found that predictions made in previous papers on the basis of the initial geometry gave a good estimate of the final fracture load even though this subcritical crack propagation significantly altered the geometry, and thus the applied energy release rates. The effect of shear deformations of the adherends was also investigated, and it was found that shear deformations could be neglected in engineering calculations for joints subject to remote tensile loading.     

超塑20钢的空洞与断裂行为

本文在获取２０钢超塑性的基础上，对其空洞与断裂行为进行了研究，通过观察空洞的产生和测定空洞的长大，提出了一种超塑材料空洞的形核模型。研究确认，超塑２０钢的断裂由沿晶和穿晶两种断裂类型组成。     

Optimizing the Vacuum Heat-Treatment of Hot-Work Tool Steels by Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

Linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to optimize the vacuum heat-treatment procedures for conventional hot-work AISI H11 tool steel. The fracture toughness was determined with non-standard, circumferentially notched and fatigue-precracked tensile-test specimens. The fracture-testing method is sensitive to changes caused by variations in the microstructure resulting from the austenitizing and tempering temperatures as well as the homogeneity of the material itself. The combined tempering diagram- Rockwell-C hardness, Fracture toughness K_Ic, Tempering temperature was used for the choice of the vacuum heat-treatment parameters necessary to obtain the best properties for a given application with respect to the investigated steel.     

应用地应力模拟技术研究断块区剩余油分布

应力场数值模拟不仅能够重塑出不同阶段地应力场，而且还可以定量一半定量地预测破裂的发生、裂缝的方向和密度，进一步探讨时间和空间上油气运移的规律，为油田勘探、开发提供必要的依据。本文以大庆萨北开发区北二西断层区为研究对象，通过应力场数值模拟研究了流体运移势场与剩余油分布的关系、流体运移与构造应力的关系、裂缝形成与剩余油分布的关系，确定了剩余油分布的有利区域，为油田注采系统的设计、部署和油田开发及措施调整提供了依据。