Extraction of penicillin G from simulated media by an emulsion liquid membrane process

The extraction of penicillin G from simulated media was performed by water/oil/water (w/o/w) emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) and studied under various operational conditions in a batch system. The degree of extraction achieved was between 80% and 95% under specific conditions. A concentration of greater than nine times the initial concentration of penicillin G in the external phase was obtained in the internal phase. The pH of the internal aqueous solution, containing a basic salt, was theoretically calculated on the basis of the amount of penicillin G transported into the internal phase. The calculated results agreed with the experimental data well and were used to select a suitable type and concentration of a basic salt in the internal phase to give a pH within the range 5 to 8 where penicillin G was stable after the termination of extraction. The extraction of penicillin G was successfully performed by the ELM process with sodium carbonate in the internal phase.     

Surface tailoring of an ethylene propylene diene elastomeric terpolymer via plasma‐polymerized coating of tetramethyldisiloxane

In the research presented here, we explore the use of a low‐energy plasma to deposit thin silicone polymer films using tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) (H(CH₃)₂? Si? O? Si? (CH₃)₂H) on the surface of an ethylene propylene diene elastomeric terpolymer (EPDM) in order to enhance the surface hydrophobicity, lower the surface energy and improve the degradation/wear characteristics. The processing conditions were varied over a wide range of treatment times and discharge powers to control the physical characteristics, thickness, morphology and chemical structure of the plasma polymer films. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that pore‐free homogeneous plasma polymer thin films of granular microstructure composed of small grains are formed and that the morphology of the granular structure depends on the plasma processing conditions, such as plasma power and time of deposition. The thicknesses of the coatings were determined using SEM, which confirmed that the thicknesses of the deposited plasma‐polymer films could be precisely controlled by the plasma parameters. The kinetics of plasma‐polymer film deposition were also evaluated. Contact angle measurements of different solvent droplets on the coatings were used to calculate the surface energies of the coatings. These coatings appeared to be hydrophobic and had low surface energies. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoacoustic Fourier‐transform infrared (PA‐FT‐IR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the detailed chemical structures of the deposited films. The optimum plasma processing conditions to achieve the desired thin plasma polymer coatings are discussed in the light of the chemistry that takes place at the interfaces. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

喇曼自由电子激光器辐射谱的测量

本文报道了利用微波栅摄谱仪测量在超辐射工作条件下的喇曼自由电子激光器辐射谱的初步结果。观察到了毫米波自由电子激光器的调谐特性。实验结果表明,辐射谱的中心频率随波荡场强度的增加而减小,这与考虑波导模影响的集体制式自由电子激光的有关理论预言相符。     

Cationic ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclodisilazane: General aspects and tentative mechanisms

The ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclodisilazane (D_2NMe), initiated by methyl triflate in 1,2-dichloroethane, forms in the first, fast kinetic step both linear polymer and cyclic dimer (D_4NMe). Subsequently a slow depolymerization process occurs leading to exclusively cyclotrisilazane (D_3NMe). On the basis of kinetic measurements carried out using an adiabatic calorimetric technique and complementary experiments, mechanisms of both propagation, cyclization and back-biting reactions are proposed. The influence of the reaction temperature was also studied; it is demonstrated that, at low temperature, polymerization does not lead to cyclic oligomer formation. In such conditions, the polymerization presents a ‘living’ character.     

Microfabrication by X‐ray‐induced polymerization above the lower critical solution temperature

A polymer synthesis method is presented in which chain growth driven by exothermic reaction stimulates a gradual chain collapse. The globular precipitates in such systems can be restrained from coalescing by polymerizing in a quiescent environment. Time‐resolved small‐angle scattering study of the methacrylic acid polymerization kinetics in a quiescent system above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water reveals the following features of this method: (a) growing oligomers remain as rigid chains until a critical chain length is reached, at which they undergo chain collapse, (b) radius of gyration increases linearly with time until a critical conversion is reached, and (c) radius of gyration remains constant after the critical conversion, even while conversion is gradually increasing. Following this self‐stabilizing growth mechanism, we show that nanoparticles can be directly synthesized by polymerizing N‐isopropylacrylamide above its LCST in water. The average size of nanoparticles obtained from a polymer–solvent system is expected to be the maximum extent of reaction spread at that monomer concentration. This hypothesis was then verified by polymerizing N‐isopropylacrylamide above their LCST in water, but by initiating the reaction with X‐rays shielded by a mask. The microfabricated patterns conform well to the size and shape of the mask used confirming that the growing chains do not propagate beyond the exposed regions as long as the reaction temperature is maintained above the LCST. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 429–425, 2006     

自由锻锤上冷冲厚板新工艺

介绍了自由锻锤上冷冲厚板工艺的特点和模具主要结构。以及如何解决凸凹模间隙、选用小间隙冲孔时刃口磨损加剧的问题。研制出了降低磨损。提高模具寿命的润滑剂配方。设计了适合自由锻锤上厚板冲孔的模具，对在自由锻锤上厚板冲孔进行了有益的尝试。扩大了自由锻设备的加工范围。解决了不具备大型压力机情形下的生产难题。     

The analysis of solvation in ionic liquids and organic solvents using the Abraham linear free energy relationship

The contentions made in an earlier paper [J Chem Technol Biotechnol 80 : 133–137 (2005)] that the coefficients of the Abraham solvation equation do not provide meaningful information on the molecular properties of ionic liquid solvents is refuted. The objections noted in the earlier paper disappear when the solvation equation model is correctly applied to the experimental data. It is further shown that the coefficients of the Abraham solvation equations can be used to characterize ionic liquids and can be used to select solvents for the solubility of gaseous solutes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米镓/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料的原位超声合成与表征

超声作用于低熔点金属镓,使其超细化为纳米级的镓粒子,并采用无引发剂的乳液聚合方法制备出GA/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)纳米复合粒子,并分析了其微观结构。结果表明纳米镓的形态和结构因有无表面改性剂而不同;乳液聚合得到的纳米镓复合粒子是核壳结构型,粒子大小为50~80 NM,内核金属镓粒径为30~50 NM,与聚合物存在一定的化学作用。     

Binding, relational memory, and recall of naturalistic events: A developmental perspective.

This research was an investigation of children's performance on a task that requires memory binding. In Experiments 1 and 2, 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and adults viewed complex pictures and were tested on memory for isolated parts in the pictures and on the part combinations (combination condition). The results suggested improvement in memory for the combinations between the ages of 4 and 6 years but not in memory for the isolated parts. In Experiments 2 and 3, the authors also examined the developmental relationship between performance in the combination condition and free recall of a naturalistic event, finding preliminary evidence that performance on a memory task that requires binding is positively related to performance in episodic memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

有机镍化合物催化烯烃聚合的研究进展

综述了有机镍化合物如烯丙基镍、乙酰丙酮镍、茂镍、二亚胺镍等催化烯烃聚合的研究进展。有机镍化合物可催化烯烃、α-烯烃(如乙烯、丙烯等)的齐聚及聚合、催化极性单体(如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、降冰片烯等)以及位阻较大的环烯烃、取代二烯烃、苯乙烯等的均聚和共聚。