离子膜系统盐水中游离氯的控制

介绍了离子膜系统脱氯工艺流程、开车后出现的问题以及针对这些问题采取的措施及效果。     

Electro-oxidative abatement of low-salinity reverse osmosis membrane concentrates

The present study encompasses the application of electrolysis as novel treatment technique for the abatement of low-salinity concentrates generated from the filtrative treatment of water and wastewater. Four different materials have been tested as anode for a number of brine samples in a one-compartment electrolytic cell in galvanostatic mode. It was found that PbO(2) and SnO(2) anodes initiated electrochemical precipitation through an increase of the pH. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) and RuO(2) anodes successfully oxidised the pollutants in the brine and a linear removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed during the first phase of oxidation. Oxidation was predominantly achieved through indirect hypochlorite bulk oxidation; the higher oxidation rate and extent for the BDD anode was attributed to the higher selectivity and activity of the latter. Overall performance of the BDD electrode was higher than for RuO(2): higher rates for TAN (17.9 vs. 13.5mg/Ah) and COD (74.5 vs. 20.0mg/Ah) removal as well as higher overall current efficiencies (35.2% vs. 14.5%). Extensive colour removal was observed for both anodes (>90% decrease in absorbency at 455 nm).     

Solubility prediction in the ternary systems NaCl–RbCl–H2O, KCl–CsCl–H2O and KBr–CsBr–H2O at 25 C using the ion-interaction model

The component solubilities in NaCl–RbCl–H₂O, KCl–CsCl–H₂O and KBr–CsBr–H₂O systems at 25 C were calculated by using the Pitzer ion interaction model and its extended HW models. Excellent agreement with experimental solubilities indicated that the models can be successfully used to calculate the component solubilities. This study affords the necessary parameters for solubility predictions of complicated systems containing rubidium and caesium and establishes a theoretical basis for the separation of these valuable metals from salt lake brine.     

烃-水/盐水体系高压界面张力的测定与关联

应用ＪＥＦＲＩ悬滴式界面张力仪，在１—３０ＭＰａ压力范围内，测定了２５℃、５０℃下６种正构烷烃与水及无机盐水溶液间的高压界面张力。在改进Ｎａｋａｈａｒａ－Ａｒａｉ关联式的基础上，根据试验得到的界面张力压力系数，提出了计算烃－水／盐水体系高压界面张力的方程。对１５０个数据点的考核表明：与试验值相比，平均相对误差仅为０．６７％。     

膜法盐水精制技术创新

对膜法盐水精制工艺技术的发展和创新进行了分析和总结，并对膜法盐水精制新工艺与老工艺进行了比较。认为新工艺具有盐水质量稳定、易操作、节能、保护晶种提高膜的过滤能力等优点，值得推广。     

低品位固体钾矿驱动溶解开采扩大试验研究

在研究盐湖矿床溶解开采低品位钾矿时,采用配方溶剂和双井管补采技术,选择马海盐湖进行了溶解驱动扩大工程试验。用surfer软件分析水动力场和化学场。结果显示随着补卤的进行水动力场变化趋势与环境变差一致,采卤管K+浓度由1.41%上升达到2.3%,有效溶出矿体的K+。Na+的浓度变化是由补卤配方试剂加入3.5%左右的Na+引起,而矿体所含的Na+未参加溶解过程,保证了矿体骨架完整,不出现坍塌现象,这种溶解驱动开采工艺技术可行。     

卤水-白云石法制备纳米氧化镁的研究

采用卤水-白云石法,将市售卤水精制后作为原料,以白云石经煅烧、消化得到的白云灰乳为沉淀剂,并添加表面活性剂制备纳米氧化镁。讨论了反应温度、卤水浓度、表面活性剂的用量对制备纳米氧化镁粒径的影响,并且采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重差热分析(TG-DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明,在反应温度为60℃、卤水浓度为1.0mol/L、CTAB添加量为0.3%(质量分数)的条件下,可获得平均粒径为50nm的氧化镁,所得纳米氧化镁为立方晶型,纯度高,分散性好。     

海水卤水镁系物开发利用技术

介绍了海水卤水制备氢氧化镁、氧化镁、镁肥料以及镁盐晶须等镁系物的研究和应用现状,系统综述了海水卤水镁系物的制备技术和镁盐晶须的表征技术,分析了我国海水卤水镁资源利用的发展趋势,高纯、高活性以及物理化学性能优异的海水卤水镁系物的制备技术是今后的研发热点,多样化、精细化和规模化是企业的发展方向。     

吸附法卤水提锂技术的研究进展

简介了锂资源的概况,明确了从卤水中提锂的必要性。在综述了吸附法提锂的技术现状后,重点介绍了几种无机吸附剂的基本性能和吸附机理,指出了各种吸附技术中存在的问题和今后吸附法卤水提锂的研究方向。     

高纯氧化镁的制备研究

以卤水为原料,经过氢氧化镁途径制备高纯氧化镁。采用共沉淀结合超滤法对卤水进行了精制,并重点考察了卤水浓度、反应温度、加料速率等因素对氧化镁纯度的影响,获得了纯度大于99%的氧化镁产品。