不同解冻方式对小黄鱼品质的影响

采用5种不同的解冻方式(静水解冻、流水解冻、微波解冻、低温空气解冻、超声波解冻)对普通冻结和液体浸渍快速冻结处理的小黄鱼进行解冻,对解冻时间、色泽、质构、丙二醛含量、总巯基含量等指标进行测定比较,并测定解冻后鱼肉的硬度、咀嚼性等质构指标。结果表明:5种解冻方式中微波解冻速率最快,低温空气解冻速率最慢。对于快速冻结和普通冻结处理的小黄鱼,超声波解冻能够有效维持解冻后鱼肉的品质。     

食用菌等生鲜食品液态N2和CO2深冷冻结技术

介绍了食用菌等生鲜食品速冻技术的最新研究进展与应用情况,就速冻食用菌等生鲜食品加工技术的方法、设备、冻结与冻藏工艺进行综述,并对食用菌等生鲜食品的开发利用前景进行了展望。     

超疏水导电聚酯织物的制备及其性能

为使织物兼具疏水与导电的性能,使用自制碳黑杂化同质聚酯浆料,先对聚酯织物进行导电整理,再采用溶剂诱导结晶（SINC）的方法在导电织物的表面构造微观粗糙结构,然后用甲基三氯硅烷（MTS）修饰,制备出耐水洗超疏水导电聚酯织物。研究了浆料中聚酯、碳黑的含量以及溶剂诱导结晶处理条件对织物导电及疏水性能的影响,借助场发射扫描电子显微镜、差式扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、接触角测量仪等对织物导电、润湿性能、耐用性及表面结构的微观形貌与结晶特点进行表征。结果表明,制备的疏水导电聚酯织物表面电阻率数量级在10 ²～10^３Ω,与水的接触角大于150°,超声水洗12 h后织物表面电阻率数量级不变,与水的接触角不小于140°。     

冷冻浓缩过程中制冷面的冰淤塞的检测与表征（11）

根据冰淤塞的机理和对本文第一部分（I）所述的冰晶在过冷金属表面上的冰淤塞的启动时间和诱导时间的实验数据的分析,建立了关联冰淤塞诱导时间与制冷面壁温和晶种用等因素的关系的数学模型。文中还对影响冰淤塞的各因素做了研究分析。     

莱鲍迪苷A在甲醇-水体系中溶解度与超溶解度的测定

测定了莱鲍迪苷A在甲醇溶液中的溶解度和超溶解度曲线,并用数学模型进行了拟合,同时还测定了温度、降温速率、搅拌速率对甲醇溶液中莱鲍迪苷A介稳区宽度的影响。结果表明,莱鲍迪苷A在甲醇溶液中的溶解度随着温度的升高而增加,而介稳区宽度随着温度的升高而减小,随着降温速率的增加而增大,随着搅拌速率的增加先减小后增大。     

皂化-冷析法精制天然维生素E工艺的研究

以提高天然VE 产品比旋光度为目的 ,用皂化与结晶相结合的方法对天然VE 浓缩物进行提纯。实验中选用了丙酮 ,95 %丙酮 ,乙醇 ,95 %乙醇四种溶剂进行了结晶实验 ,并对比了皂化与不皂化对产品比旋光度的影响 ,发现经过皂化后的产品比未经过皂化的产品比旋光度提高 + 5°左右。此外通过二次皂化后 ,产品的比旋光度基本可以达到FCC标准 (比旋光度 [α]2 5D ≥ + 2 0°)。     

Effects of Freezing on Quality of Cold-smoked Salmon Based on the Measurements of Physiochemical Characteristics

ABSTRACT: How the quality of cold-smoked Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) is affected by freezing the raw fish as whole fish, as gutted fish, and as fillets before smoking, and by freezing the finished product after smoking was studied. Freezing before smoking resulted in increased product yield and water content, but softer texture and increased K-value. Freezing reduced the content of astaxanthin but increased the lightness and the color intensity of the flesh. Gaping increased when the fish was frozen as fillets before smoking. Freezing only after smoking led to fewer changes in quality than freezing before smoking, whereas refreezing the finished products had little additional effect on quality.     

Dynamics of Solidification in 2% Corn Starch-Water Mixtures: Effect of Variations in Freezing Rate on Product Homogeneity

Directional solidification studies of gelatinized corn starch-water mixtures were undertaken in order to examine, in situ, the freezing behavior of this food model. The solidification rate was controlled by varying sample cell velocity as it moved from a 25°C hot stage to a -25°C cold stage. While freezing at cell velocities ≤7.5 μm/sec, starch granules were alternately pushed or entrapped by the advancing solid-liquid interface producing a segregated structure consisting of alternating high-starch and low-starch bands. At a cell velocity of 10 μm/sec, the frozen product was homogeneous. The relationship between the solid-liquid interface velocity and segregation behavior was quantified and compared to an existing model of particle-interface interactions.     

Storage of fresh and ensiled forages by freezing affects fibre and crude protein fractions

The effect of freezing on fibre and crude protein fractions of forages was determined. Fresh and ensiled lucerne and fresh bromegrass were processed immediately after collection or stored at ?25°C for 1 day or 1, 6 or 12 months before drying at 55°C. Samples were frozen quickly by submersion in liquid nitrogen or slowly at ?25°C. Samples which were not frozen were processed immediately or after 1 h delay at room temperature. All treatments were replicated (n = 3). Samples were analysed for crude protein (CP), trichloroacetic acid soluble CP (TSCP), phosphate buffer soluble CP (BSCP), neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDCP), acid detergent insoluble CP (ADCP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent sulphuric acid lignin (lignin) and ash. Freezing decreased BSCP and increased NDCP by more than 40% for bromegrass. Freezing also changed NDF, ADF, lignin, ash, CP and ADCP in different ways depending on forage type and length of time frozen. No significant effects were observed for method of freezing or a 1-h delay in processing. An additional experiment showed that freeze-drying resulted in less insoluble protein than ovendrying. Prior freezing of forages appeared inconsistently to change the extent of gaseous loss during drying, and resulted in precipitation of protein. These changes also affected fibre estimates. Fresh forages should not be frozen and thawed before analysis of protein or fibre fractions.