火烧山原油破乳剂的筛选与应用

介绍了火烧山原油的物性与破乳剂结构和配比的关系、TA1031破乳剂的室内脱水评价及性能特点、TA1031的现场应用效果、破乳剂现场用药量与室内最佳用药量的关系、原油现场脱水过程中破乳剂用药量与污水含油的关系。     

长庆油田陕北区原油破乳剂的筛选和复配

实验考察了8种市售水溶性破乳荆对长庆油田陕北区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油(均为低硫中间基-石蜡基原油)的脱水效果(加量100mg／L，脱水温度55℃，时间3h)。目前长庆采油一厂使用的YT-100和延炼集团使用的GT-940对这3种原油的脱水效果均较好，但对子长原油的脱水率不高，分别为69．7％和58．9％。在由所选性能较好的破乳刺组成的4种二元复配物中，GT-940 HQ96-1对3种原油的脱水效果均高于单剂，最佳配比分别为4：1，4：1，3：2；其余3种复配物则对原油有选择性，其中GT-940 YT-100相近(97．5％)；YT-100 HQ96-1仅能改善子长原油的脱水效果，配比为4：1时脱水率最高(76．4％)；SP-169 HQ96-1仅能改善宝塔区原油的脱水效果．配比3：2和2：3时脱水率最高(92．9％)。表5参6。     

Methanol adsorption and dehydration on alkali metal exchanged NaY zeolites

FT-IR spectroscopy has been applied in a study of methanol adsorption on M^INaY zeolites (M=Li, K, Rb, Cs). Coordinatively and/or hydrogen bonded methanol was registered in the temperature range 300–473 K. Dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether occurred at 573 and 623 K. It was found that the activity of the catalyst for methanol dehydration strongly depends on the kind of alkali metal cation, and well correlates the IR data relative to methanol adsorption.     

Hydrogen and Calcium Ion Concentrations Affect Volume of CO2 Puffed Diced Green Bell Peppers

Diced green bell peppers were soaked in a solution of hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, air-dried to 50% moisture, held in CO₂ at 5.8 MPa for 1, 3 or 5 min, and puffed by abruptly releasing the CO₂ pressure. Treatment with 1% CaCl₂ increased the size of puffed-dried products as compared to a control; however, HCl treatments did not. The treatment with 1 or 2% CaCl₂ reduced shrinkage as compared to the control. The 1% CaCl₂ treatment may have increased the CO₂ saturation rate.     

Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Osmotic Dehydration Mass Transfer Kinetics of Fruits

Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for the prediction of transient moisture loss (ML) and solid gain (SG) in osmotic dehydration of fruits using process kinetics data from the literature. ANN models for ML and SG were developed based on data over a broad range of operating conditions and ten common processing variables: temperature and concentration of osmotic solution, immersion time, initial water and solid content of the fruit, porosity, surface area, characteristic length, solution-to-fruit mass ratio, and agitation level. The trained models were able to accurately predict the outputs with associated regression coefficients (r) of 0.96 and 0.93, respectively, for ML and SG. These ANN models performed much better than those obtained from linear multivariate regression analysis. The large number of process variables and their wide ranges considered along with their easy implementation in a spreadsheet make them very useful and practical for process design and control.     

二元聚合物的合成及在稠油破乳中的应用

采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚醚酯（NPEAA）为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂的条件下,引发聚合制备了二元共聚物稠油破乳剂,采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了分子量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5g/L,表面张力为25.684mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能,确定最佳破乳条件：温度55?C,时间2h,用量0.5g/L时,脱水率为88.5%,脱出水中含油量为198.4mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观粘度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,探讨分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面更易润湿扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好。     

Influences of dehydrating process on properties of ATO nano-powders

1　INTRODUCTIONCrystallineSbdopedtinoxide (ATO) ,cassiteritestructure ,isawidebandgapn typesemiconductor.Be causeofitsopticalproperty (transparentforvisiblelightandreflectiveforIR )andelectroconductibility ,goodchemicalandmechanicalstability ,ithasmanyapplica tions,suchastransparentconductiveelectrodes ,photo voltaicdevices ,photosensors ,catalyst,antistaticcoatingsandelectrochromicmaterials[14 ] .AvarietyoftechniqueshavebeenusedtoprepareATOsuperfinepowders ,someinvolvedryprocesses ,ot…     

己糖生产甘露醇概述

葡萄糖、果糖和甘露糖同属己糖,均是工业生产甘露醇最直接的原料.介绍了作为生产甘露醇最直接的原料三种单糖,它们之间的关系以及是如何转化为甘露醇与转化过程的机理.     

Effect of cobalt oxide on surface structure of alumina supported molybdena catalysts studied by in situ Raman spectroscopy

A set of Co promoted 10% Mo/Al₂O₃ samples have been characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy under ambient as well as in situ dehydrated conditions. Under ambient conditions, the degree of the polymerization of surface molybdenum oxide species decreases with increasing Co loading. Under dehydrated conditions, the polymeric molybdenum oxide species is absent with the addition of only 0.2% Co. At low Co loadings (2%), before the formation of CoMoO₄ compound, the spectral features are very similar under ambient conditions. Dehydration causes the upward shift of the Mo=O symmetric stretching mode. A broad band around 920–930 cm^–1 was thus observed. This band has been suggested to be associated with the Co-Mo interaction species. In contrast to crystalline CoMoO₄, this species shows a reversibility on H₂ reduction-O₂ reoxidation treatments. From the results obtained, it is proposed that cobalt oxide interacts with the most polymerized molybdenum oxide species to form Co-Mo interaction species and/or crystalline CoMoO₄; therefore, the amount of the surface molybdenum oxide species decreases with a change in the molecular structure as a function of the Co concentration.     

废水中二异丙胺的回收

含有二异丙胺的废水直接排放不仅污染环境,还易引起燃烧和爆炸。通过二次加碱完成分相及脱水,再通过蒸馏脱色,实现了二异丙胺的回收再利用。