The effect of pretreatment procedures on the activities of Fe- and Mn-promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts

The vapour phase acylation of furan and pyrrole was carried out over HZSM‐5(19.7), HZSM‐5(30), HZSM‐5(280), CeHZSM‐5(30), LaHZSM‐5(30), HY and CeHY zeolites in a fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure using acetic anhydride as an acylating agent. The catalytic activity of the zeolite catalysts was dependent on the reaction temperature and the type of cation promoter used in the modification of the zeolite surface. The activity of the catalysts varied with the acidity of the zeloite systems tested. The yields of 2‐acetylfuran and 2‐acetylpyrrole with respect to the conversion of furan and pyrrole were 67.5% and 75.5% respectively. The acylation was found to be more active on Brønsted acidic sites available over zeolite systems.     

Cyclic ammonium salts of dithiocarbamic acid: stable alternative reagents for the synthesis of S-alkyl carbodithioates from organyl thiocyanates in water

Carbodithioate esters are important functional organosulfur compounds widely used in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and material sciences. Common preparative methods include reaction of alkyl halides, carbon disulfide and bases under both metal-free and metal-catalyzed conditions. However, organyl thiocyanates have not been previously explored, possibly because of their conversion to organyl disulfides under basic conditions. Here, we report an efficient and practical method for the preparation of libraries of carbodithioate esters from organyl thiocyanates by reacting with cyclic amine-based dithiocarbamic acid salts in water. The protocol is found to be applicable in general to various thiocyanates such as benzyl/aroyl methyl/cinnamyl and so on. Other notable features include no by-products such as disulfides, metal- and alkali-free, aqueous conditions, and finally easy and near-quantitative formation of cyclic amine-based dithiocarbamic acid salt as a stable alternative reagent.     

抗酸雨性优良的丙烯酸高固体分汽车涂料

叙述了硅氧烷封闭丙烯酸树脂中羟基和Si—H键和丙烯酸树脂中双键交联反应的原理,对用这两种新技术途径试制的抗酸雨性优良的丙烯酸高固体分汽车面漆性能作了评介。     

Comparison of biological reactors (biofilter,biotrickling filter and modified RBC) for treating dichloromethane vapors

BACKGROUND: Bioreactors used for waste gas and odor treatment have gained acceptance in recent years to treat volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Different types of bioreactors (biofilter, biotrickling filter and rotating biological reactor) have been used for waste gas treatment. Most studies reported in the literature have used one of these systems to treat several types of inorganic and organic gases either individually or in mixtures. Each of these reactors has some advantages and some limitations. Though biodegradation is the main process for the removal of pollutants, the mechanisms of removal and the microbial communities may differ among these bioreactors. Consequently their performance or removal efficiency may also be different. RESULTS: At low loading rate (<35 g m^?3 h^?1), all three bioreactors showed comparable removal efficiencies and elimination capacity, but at higher loading rates, rotating biological contactors (RBC) showed a better performance with higher removal efficiency (40–50%) than both the biofilter and biotrickling filter (20–40%). The biofilter showed a sharp drop in removal efficiency and elimination capacity at high loading rates. CONCLUSIONS: The modified RBC had no clogging problems and no increase in pressure drop when compared with the other bioreactors. It can thus handle pollutant load for a longer period of time. This is the first study attempting to compare the performance of three different bioreactors for removal of the same VOC under different conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Phosphated crosslinked pectin as a potential excipient for specific drug delivery: preparation and physicochemical characterization

Pectin was chemically modified with different amounts of trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in aqueous solution (pH = 12), thereby giving a material with reduced water solubility. The physiochemical characterization of this new material was carried out through Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analyses. Phosphated pectin (Pect‐STMP) together with prebiotic (oligosaccharide) were incorporated into an aqueous dispersion of polymethacrylate (Eudragit^® RS 30 D) in order to obtain free films using a casting process (50 °C) on a Teflon plate. The free films were evaluated using water vapour transmission, average swelling index in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid, scanning electron microscopy and a diffusion study with theophylline in buffer solution with and without pectinolytic enzyme. The results suggest that the new material can be used in the coating process for oral solid‐reservoir systems, to prevent the premature release of drugs in SGF (pH = 1.2). Furthermore, the presence of both Pect‐STMP and oligosaccharide favours the specific degradation of the pellicle by the action of the enzymes produced by colonic microflora. The material obtained in this work has the potential to be applied in devices for drug delivery in the colon, making possible modified release of drugs. Nevertheless, subsequent colon‐specific experiments in vivo need to be carried out in order to confirm the possible application of this new material. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

菱镁材料改性研究进展

从菱镁材料成型机理入手,分析了菱镁材料改性外加剂的改性原理及其改性方法,介绍了改性后的菱镁材料具有的各种优异的性能,指明了菱镁材料改性的应用研究方向。     

Development of new high-throughput screening method to compare and to detect efficient catalysts for adhesive materials

Organotin compounds particularly dibutyltin dilaurate, are commonly used as catalysts in coatings or adhesive materials to crosslink silyl modified polymers. However, environmental concerns should lead before 2020 to ban organotin compounds due to their high toxicity. Thus new catalysts must be developed. According to the different types of catalytic systems, i.e. acid, basic or metal containing catalysts, a large variety of candidates should be tested. Thus a high-throughput screening (HTS) method could be an interesting tool for the detection of new efficient catalysts to substitute organotin compounds. We report a global HTS method, compatible with organic amino or acid catalysts libraries, as well as with metal-containing libraries.     

石灰石改性硫磺材料深度脱氮除磷研究

为了使污水处理厂出水中的氮、磷浓度进一步降低,制备出了一种石灰石改性硫磺材料,通过批次实验和生物滤池实验探究其脱氮除磷性能。结果表明,硫磺/石灰石体积比为3∶1的改性材料脱氮除磷效果最佳,发泡可以提高改性材料脱氮除磷性能,改性材料对HRT有较好的适应性。当HRT=1 h,进水NO₃^--N、PO₄^3--P分别为20、1 mg/L时,生物滤池NO₃^--N、PO₄^3--P去除率分别高于89%、65%。微生物群落分析显示,生物滤池中硫自养反硝化菌丰度大于79%。     

不同抗剪模型下高强混凝土剪力墙数值模拟分析

基于修正斜压场理论和扰动应力场模型分别对不同剪跨比的高强混凝土剪力墙拟静力试验进行数值模拟,得到相应的滞回曲线和骨架曲线。与试验数据对比,结果表明：较之于修正斜压场理论模型,基于扰动应力场模型计算的PΔ滞回曲线与试验PΔ滞回曲线吻合更好,得到的破坏形态及裂缝分布图与试验基本相同。充分说明了基于扰动应力场模型的有限元数值模型能够较好地模拟循环荷载作用下的高强混凝土剪力墙构件的滞回特性。     

氟硅烷改性CuS/SiO2复合气凝胶的超双疏防紫外线纺织品

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为前驱体,在溶胶-凝胶反应过程中,加入纳米CuS,并采用十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(PFDTES)对其改性,成功制备了氟硅烷改性CuS/SiO2复合气凝胶(F-CuS/SiO2),并将其与聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)混合应用到棉织物上,制备了超双疏防紫外多功能棉织物。探讨了F-CuS/SiO2质量分数、PDMS质量分数、焙烘温度、焙烘时间等主要因素对整理棉织物疏水性能的影响。结果表明:当F-CuS/SiO2气凝胶为2%,PDMS为1%,焙烘温度为160℃,焙烘时间为8 min时,整理棉织物的疏水性能最佳,水滴接触角可达159.4°,油滴接触角可达151.8°,紫外线防护系数(UPF)为237.43,整理棉织物具有良好的超双疏防紫外自清洁效果。