我国清洁代用燃料汽车发展状况

随着汽车数量的迅速增加，汽车排放的有害废气也急剧增加，人们的健康受到威胁，解决这一问题的最好办法是发展清洁代用燃料汽车。介绍了天然气汽车和液化石油气汽车的主要优点，分析了目前我国清洁代用燃料汽车的发展现状，阐述了近期适宜发展我国清洁代用燃料汽车的机遇和面临的困难。最后就提高人们的环保意识、修改和完善汽车尾气污染控制法及排放标准、清洁代用燃料汽车的有关标准和安全措施。对发展这种汽车应给予优惠政策以及零部件生产和车辆改装企业的管理等方面，提出了建议。     

输气管道天然气连续取样器的研制及应用

文章针对国内管输天然气气质分析工作中取样环节所存在的问题，结合国外技术发展趋势，全面地介绍了输气管道天然气连续取样器的研制过程。实践证明，该装置较好地解决了天然气密度值偏差问题，满足管输天然气全分析的要求，同时，该装置的推广应用将会提高天然气的计量准确度。     

判断油气藏非均质性的新方法

非均质性是油气藏的基本特性,也是影响油气面采收率的重要因素.它是反映油气藏的渗透率、孔隙度、有效厚度及其连通性的综合特征参数.不同油气藏在投入开发后,其产量随时间变化的分布曲线与油气藏自身的非质均性有密切关系.利用伽马分布描述油气藏产量随时间的变化,研制了典型曲线的理论图版,通过拟会求解,可判断油气藏的非均质程度.     

茂金属催化剂气相法聚乙烯中试研究

我国自行开发的茂金属催化剂在气相法聚乙烯中试装置上进行了运行试验和性能试验。考察了茂金属催化剂ＡＰＥ－１的运行稳定性和适应性以及聚合反应条件与催化剂活性、产品熔融流动性能和产品密度的关联性。经过测定，试验所得产品的相对分子质量分布特性与国外同类产品相近。     

指纹细节特征提取与剪枝

指纹图像经预处理后，由于各种原因，会产生数以百计的特征。为了图像匹配的精确和快速，提出一套在细化后的指纹点线图上提取细节特征并对其剪枝的方法，并根据细节特征的拓扑特性，设计了验证其可靠性的算法。通过实验，证明了该后处理过程在去除指纹图像伪特征方法面具有良好的效果。     

含聚二甲基硅氧烷的聚醚聚氨酯膜透气性及表面性质研究

以聚二甲基硅氧烷（ＰＤＭＳ）／聚四氢呋喃（ＰＴＭＯ）为软段，４，４＇－二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯（ＨＭＤＩ）为硬段（丁二醇ＢＤ为扩链剂）制成的多相嵌段共聚物作为基质材料，进行了气体（Ｏ２和Ｎ２）透过性试验，同时对膜材料进行了ＥＳＣＡ表面分析。结果表明，共聚物膜的透气性能取决于材料中连续相组分，随着软段中ＰＤＭＳ含量的改变而变化。当ＰＤＭＳ含量较高时，共聚物膜显示出ＰＤＭＳ均聚物的特性，具有较高的气体秀     

Separation of di- and tripeptides with solvent extraction and an emulsion liquid membrane

The extraction equilibria of various di- and tripeptides with di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) were studied at low pH values. The complex extracted to organic phase consisted of one molecule of peptide and two molecules of D2EHPA dimer. The extraction constants of the peptides correlated well with the distribution coefficients of peptides between 1-octanol and water, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. The permeation rates of peptides through an emulsion liquid membrane were examined by using D2EHPA as a carrier, Span 80 as an emulsifier and kerosene as a diluent. The rates varied considerably with peptide type, depending upon the hydrophobicity.     

Extraction of Anthocyanin Pigments from Purple Sunflower Hulls

The anthocyanin pigments in hulls of purple sunflower seeds were extracted using three solvent systems, 50:1:49 ethanol-acetic acid-water (EAW), 0.01M acetic acid (AAc), or water containing SO₂. Solvent, extraction time, size of ground hulls, pH of extracting solvent, hulls/solvent ratio, and concentration of SO₂ in water, were investigated. All were significant factors affecting yield of extracted anthocyanins. EAW and SO₂ were more effective extractants than AAc. Optimum conditions from response surface optimization for the extraction with sulphurous water were: SO₂ at 200 mg/L, hull size 20 mesh, extraction time 5 min at 22°C, and solvent/hulls ratio = 20.     

Characterization and modification of fillers for paints and coatings

This paper highlights the possibility of inverse gas chromatography for the surface characterization of common fillers (CaCO₃, talc, SiO₂,) for paints and coatings. Divided solids are described, on the one hand, by the dispersive component of their surface energy and, on the other, by a specific parameter indicating their acid-base interaction potential. The role of the surface morphology at a molecular level is also examined. It is demonstrated that steric effects play an important role in the adsorption of probes on lamellar solids like talc. The consequences of surface treatments as well as examples of practical applications are also reported.     

高效防气防砂一体化管柱的研制与应用

为解决文南油田高气液比井出砂易造成卡泵的问题,研制了高效防气防砂一体化管柱。该管柱主要由闭式气锚、重力式防气装置和激光割缝筛管3部分组成。闭式气锚的分离作用消除了气体对抽油泵的影响,提高了泵效;重力防气装置利用液气分离原理和高烟囱原理进行液气分离,液流回流时间可达10min,排气最高压差可达0.2MPa;经激光割缝筛管过滤后的液体含砂粒外径小于0.05mm。该管柱在文南油田现场应用16井次,累计增液6000t,增油2717t,平均单井泵效提高7%。