系列基于苯二酚的A（LS）2型胆固醇衍生物的合成及凝胶性研究

以邻/间/对苯二酚、胆固醇、丁二酸酐等为原料,经过两步不同的酯化反应,合成了三种A(LS)2型胆固醇衍生物,考察三种化合物在不同有机溶剂中的凝胶性能,发现基于邻苯二酚的化合物P1能够在乙酸乙酯中形成稳定的凝胶,是一种有效的小分子有机凝胶因子。     

一种ALS型胆固醇衍生物的合成及凝胶性研究

以胆固醇、丁二酸酐、对羟基苯甲醛、对硝基苯乙腈等为原料,经过三步反应,以较高产率合成了一种基于α-苯基肉桂腈单元的ALS型胆固醇衍生物。考察了其在十二种代表性有机溶剂中的凝胶性能,发现它可在DMF中形成稳定的分子凝胶,这是一种新的有机小分子凝胶因子。     

海绵负载双组分凝胶剂对染料吸附的研究

含染料的工业废水不断危害着生态系统和人体健康,如何快速有效地从水中去除染料以净化环境成为目前研究的重点.提出了一种快速且高效的方法,首次将双组分凝胶剂负载在三聚氰胺海绵上制备了复合吸附材料.该吸附材料可选择性吸附阳离子染料,其中对罗丹明6G的吸附量高达711.75 mg·g-1,且因三聚氰胺海绵具有高孔隙率和高比表面积...     

有机凝胶电解质在超级电容器中的应用研究

首次利用凝胶因子1,3:2,4-二(对甲基苄叉)山梨醇(MDBS),将三乙基甲基铵四氟硼酸盐的碳酸丙烯酯溶液制成有机凝胶电解质,测试了它的解缔温度,研究了其电导率与温度的关系,并组装了活性炭电极双电层超级电容器.通过交流阻抗、循环伏安和恒流充放电等手段测试了其电化学性能.结果表明,当凝胶因子质量分数为3%时,有机凝胶解缔温度为92℃.室温下,凝胶电解质电导率为11.24 mS/cm.两种电解质组装的电容器循环伏安曲线非常类似,都具有典型的双电层电容行为.当用有机凝胶作电解质,电极几何面积为4 cm2,工作电压为2 V时,得到的电容器单体电容为10.23 F,电容器单体比能量为19.89 Wh/kg,单电极比电容达到196.56 F/g.     

Ionoskins: Nonvolatile,Highly Transparent,Ultrastretchable Ionic Sensory Platforms for Wearable Electronics

The primary technology of next‐generation wearable electronics pursues the development of highly deformable and stable systems. Here, nonvolatile, highly transparent, and ultrastretchable ionic conductors based on polymeric gelators [poly(methyl methacrylate‐ran‐butyl acrylate), PMMA‐r‐PBA] and ionic liquids (IL) are proposed. A crucial strategy in the molecular design of polymer gelators is copolymerization of PMMA and IL‐insoluble low glass transition temperature (T_g) polymers that can be deformed and effectively dissipate applied strains. Highly stretchable (elongation limit ≈850%), mechanically robust (elastic modulus ≈3.1 × 10⁵ Pa), and deformation durable (recovery ratio ≈96.1% after 500 stretching/releasing cycles) gels are obtained by judiciously adjusting the molecular characteristics of polymer gelators and gel composition. An extremely simple “ionic” strain sensory platform is fabricated by directly connecting the stretchable gel and a digital multimeter, exhibiting high sensitivity (gauge factor ≈2.73), stable operation (>13 000 cycles), and nonvolatility (>10 d in air). Moreover, the skin‐type strain sensor, referred to as ionoskin, is demonstrated. The gels are attached to a part of the body (e.g., finger, elbow, knee, or ankle) and various human movements are successfully monitored. The ionoskin renders the opportunity to achieve wearable ubiquitous electronics such as healthcare devices and smart textile systems.     

十八醇/DMDBS凝胶态相变材料的制备与性能研究

研究了凝胶因子在醇类复合相变材料中的应用,以十八醇为储能材料,以二(3,4-二甲基苄叉)山梨醇(DMDBS)为凝胶因子制备了一种新的凝胶态复合相变材料,得到的复合相变材料具有较高的储能密度,相变材料的含量可达到94.2%。所制备的复合相变材料不易发生泄漏,DMDBS添加量为3%时,复合相变材料的凝胶解缔温度为177.4～189.8℃,远高于十八醇的熔点。DSC结果表明,复合相变材料的熔融焓变和凝固焓变分别为184.4和180.9J/g。经过100次热循环实验后,复合相变材料的相变温度没有明显变化,焓变值略有降低。通过SEM观察了复合相变材料和干凝胶的表面形态。通过添加膨胀石墨(EG)提高了复合PCM的导热性,使升温和降温时间分别缩短了54.75%和56.36%。     

Preparation of porous polymer materials using water‐in‐oil gel emulsions as templates

Water‐in‐oil gel emulsions consisting of water and n‐butyl acrylate were successfully prepared using N‐3‐hydroxybutylcarbonyl‐l ‐isoleucylaminooctadecane and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) as gelator and surfactant, respectively. Stable gel emulsions were formed using aqueous phase fractions (APFs) ranging from 10 to 90 vol%. Creaming, flocculation and coalescence were not observed. Low‐temperature polymerization of the gel emulsions with a redox initiator gave the corresponding low‐density, highly porous poly(n‐butyl acrylate)s (PBAs). The microstructures of the PBAs were observed using scanning electron microscopy. All the porous PBAs comprised numerous spherical structures whose sizes could be controlled by adjusting the gel emulsion APF. The densities and porosities of the porous PBAs decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing APF. The absorption capacities of the porous PBAs in organic solvents were studied. The porous PBAs selectively absorbed kerosene from water instantly and the kerosene could then be recovered by physical compression of the PBAs. Further porous polymers were prepared from gel emulsions containing styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA) or 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) as continuous oil phases. The order of absorption capacity and swelling ratio in kerosene was poly(EHA) > PBA ? poly(MMA). Porous copolymers were also prepared from gel emulsions containing a mixture of EHA and MMA as the oil phase. Their absorption and swelling in liquids could be controlled by changing the ratio of EHA and MMA in the gel emulsions. poly(EHA‐co‐MMA) (6:4) was the best polymer when absorption capacity, swelling ratio and durability were simultaneously considered. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

DBS类凝胶因子的合成及性能

以取代的苯甲醛和山梨醇为原料,环己烷为溶剂和夹带剂,甲醇为促进剂,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,用共沸脱水法合成了1,3∶2,4-O-二苄叉-D-山梨醇(DBS),收率91.2%;1,3∶2,4-O-二(4-甲基苄叉)-D-山梨醇(MDBS),收率90.5%;1,3∶2,4-O-二(3,4-二甲基苄叉)-D-山梨醇(DMDBS),收率89.0%。用原甲酸三甲酯作化学脱水剂,合成了1,3∶2,4-O-二(2,4,6-三甲基苄叉)-D-山梨醇(2,4,6-TMDBS),收率37.1%;1,3∶2,4-O-二(2,4,5-三甲基苄叉)-D-山梨醇(2,4,5-TMDBS),收率30.9%;1,3∶2,4-O-二(5,6,7,8-四氢萘-2-亚甲叉)-D-山梨醇(DTHNS),收率74.1%。其结构经1HNMR确认。测定了它们对21种有机溶剂的凝胶性能。发现苯环上取代基的位置、数量、大小等因素对凝胶性能有重要影响。2,4,6-TMDBS无凝胶性能,其余化合物对多种溶剂具有良好的凝胶性能,DTHNS对非极性化合物有极优良的凝胶性能。测试并比较了上述化合物的最低凝胶浓度,证实了凝胶-溶胶解缔温度随凝胶因子质量分数增加而增加;随着溶剂(一元直链伯醇)碳原子数的增加而增加。     

木糖醇缩醛类凝胶因子的合成及其凝胶性能的研究

以取代的苯甲醛和木糖醇为原料,环己烷为溶剂和夹带剂,甲醇为促进剂,十二烷基苯磺酸为催化剂,用共沸脱水法合成了5个木糖醇缩醛衍生物:1,3∶2,4-二(对甲基苄叉)-D-木糖醇(Ⅰ),1,3∶2,4-二(间甲基苄叉)-D-木糖醇(Ⅱ),1,3∶2,4-二(邻甲基苄叉)-D-木糖醇(Ⅲ),1,3∶2,4-二(3,4-二甲基苄叉)-D-木糖醇(Ⅳ),1,3∶2,4-二苄叉-D-木糖醇(Ⅴ)。将木糖醇缩醛衍生物用作低相对分子质量(以下简称分子量)有机凝胶因子,比较了其凝胶性能,取代基以空间位阻的形式影响凝胶因子分子的自组装,并能增强凝胶因子分子之间的相互作用。溶剂通过范德华力参与了凝胶三维网络的构建,提高网络的强度。红外光谱测试表明,凝胶形成过程中生成的氢键是该类凝胶因子自组装的驱动力。     

Preparation and Characterization of JP‐10 Gel Propellants with Tris‐Urea Low‐Molecular Mass Gelators

The preparation and characterization of high‐energy density hydrocarbon fuel JP‐10 supramolecular gel propellants are reported. The low‐molecular mass gelator 1,1′,1′′‐((2,4,6‐trioxo‐1,3,5‐triazinane‐1,3,5‐triyl)tris(hexane‐6,1‐diyl))tris(3‐octadecylurea) (HDIT‐18) shows powerful gelation ability for JP‐10, the critical gelator concentration for JP‐10 is as low as 0.0638 wt‐%. The JP‐10 supramolecular gel propellants exhibit high thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the gelator molecules self‐assemble into 1–3 μm fibers in JP‐10. Rheological studies show the JP‐10 supramolecular gels are thixotropic and shear‐thinning (for a shear rate range from 0.3 to 30 s⁻¹), the dynamic strain sweep test shows that the critical strain percentage of the gel materials is 1 %. The studies reported herein provide a potential fuel material for gel propellants.