基因表达式编程在分形图像压缩编码中的应用

针对目前存在图像压缩率不高、全局搜索或遗传算法寻找最优分形图像压缩编码速度慢的不足,将基因表达式编程应用于分形图像压缩编码,提高求解分形图像压缩编码速度和压缩比.首先从理论上对二值图像压缩编码的求解过程和基因表达式编程在压缩编码中的作用机理进行分析;然后,研究分形图像压缩编码的基因和染色体的表示方法,适应度函数设计以及选择、变异、插串、基因变换、基因重组等基因遗传进化操作过程.提出基因表达式编程的分形图像压缩算法,求解分形图像压缩编码的最优解.实验结果表明,基因表达式编程应用于分形图像压缩编码,具有较强的全局寻优能力,搜索最优解的速度比遗传算法快约2倍,图像压缩率高.     

基于基因表达式的太湖水质聚类及模型发现

应用基因表达式编程研究太湖水质自动聚类及其数学模型发现,解决了传统聚类算法需预先设定类别数目及不能对聚类建立数学模型的问题.与实际数据比较,表明聚类结果正确;所发现的营养盐对水质影响的数学模型,对监控、优化太湖水质具有建设性意义.     

一种肿瘤基因表达数据的知识提取方法

本文以多发性骨髓瘤的基因表达数据为例,利用数据挖掘技术,提出了一种针对基因表达数据进行知识发现的方法.该方法通过计算基因的信息增益,结合神经网络,找出了特征基因集合,最后利用决策树进行特征规则的提取,给出了基于多发性骨髓瘤数据样本的产生式规则,为生物医学研究提供了一种分析和研究基因表达数据的参考方法.实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Roles of Notch Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment

The Notch signaling pathway is an architecturally simple signaling mechanism, well known for its role in cell fate regulation during organ development and in tissue homeostasis. In keeping with its importance for normal development, dysregulation of Notch signaling is increasingly associated with different types of tumors, and proteins in the Notch signaling pathway can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, depending on the cellular context and tumor type. In addition to a role as a driver of tumor initiation and progression in the tumor cells carrying oncogenic mutations, it is an emerging realization that Notch signaling also plays a role in non-mutated cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how aberrant Notch signaling can affect three types of cells in the tumor stroma—cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells—and how this influences their interactions with the tumor cells. Insights into the roles of Notch in cells of the tumor environment and the impact on tumor-stroma interactions will lead to a deeper understanding of Notch signaling in cancer and inspire new strategies for Notch-based tumor therapy.     

Genome-Wide Identification of Switchgrass Laccases Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Heavy-Metal Responses

Plant laccase genes belong to a multigene family, play key roles in lignin polymerization, and participate in the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Switchgrass is an important resource for forage and bioenergy production, yet information about the switchgrass laccase gene family is scarce. Using bioinformatic approaches, a genome-wide analysis of the laccase multigene family in switchgrass was carried out in this study. In total, 49 laccase genes (PvLac1 to PvLac49) were identified; these can be divided into five subclades, and 20 of them were identified as targets of miR397. The tandem and segmental duplication of laccase genes on Chr05 and Chr08 contributed to the expansion of the laccase family. The laccase proteins shared conserved signature sequences but displayed relatively low sequence similarity, indicating the potential functional diversity of switchgrass laccases. Switchgrass laccases exhibited distinct tissue/organ expression patterns, revealing that some laccases might be involved in the lignification process during stem development. All five of the laccase isoforms selected from different subclades responded to heavy metal. The immediate response of lignin-related laccases, as well as the delayed response of low-abundance laccases, to heavy-metal treatment shed light on the multiple roles of laccase isoforms in response to heavy-metal stress.