GTR实现的电子型负电阻的原理及其应用实验

在电力系统动态物理模拟中,为使模拟同步发电机的励磁绕组的时间常数等于原型同步发电机励磁绕组的时间常数,需要通过串接负电阻来进行补偿。借鉴线性稳压电源的工作原理,设计了利用功率三极管GTR实现的大功率电子型负阻器,并详细介绍了其设计电路和工作原理。通过实验,研究了其静态和动态特性。结果表明所研制的电子型负阻器线性度好,动态响应快。励磁系统动态特性模拟的应用实验进一步表明,所研制的负阻器的阻值可调范围大,运行稳定性高,尤其在高补偿度工况下不会产生自激现象等。     

高稳高效海上风电安装平台关键制造技术研究

海上风电作为可再生清洁能源之一,受到世界各国的高度重视与大力发展.我国将海上风电提升至解决能源危机、减缓气候变化、调整能源结构的国家战略高度,到2030年我国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降65％以上,非化石能源占一次能源消费比重将达到25％左右.安装平台不足将是我国海上风电场无法如期建成投产的主要障碍....     

处理电流密度对钴基非晶薄带巨磁阻抗效应的影响

本文研究了焦耳处理工艺的处理电流密度对Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15和Co71．8Fe4．9Nb0.8Si7．5B15非晶薄带巨磁阻抗效应的影响。样品在不同电流密度下进行了处理。实验结果表明：焦耳处理存在最佳电流密度,对Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15窄带来说,最佳处理电流密度为30A／mm^2,处理后样品的阻抗变化率峰值和灵敏度分别为119％和73％／Oe;对Co71．8Fe4．9Nb0.8Si7．5B15窄带来说,最佳处理电流密度为35A／mm^2,处理后的阻抗变化率峰值为232％,灵敏度在30A／mm^2时达到42％／Oe。处理后样品的内应力得到有效释放,软磁性能提高,使薄带的巨磁阻抗效应较淬态时有了明显提高。处理电流密度是焦耳处理方法中影响钴基非晶薄带巨磁阻抗效应的一个重要参数。     

The Importance of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Cerebral Metastatic Process

Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important roles in the brain metastatic process by increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and preparing the premetastatic niche. The promising results of the latest experimental studies raise the possibility of one day using exosomes for liquid biopsies or as drug carriers, contributing to early diagnosis and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the latest knowledge about the role of exosomes in the brain metastatic process and future research directions for the use of exosomes in patients suffering from brain metastatic disease.     

Adipose Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Next-Generation Anti-Obesity Agents

Over the last decade, several compounds have been identified for the treatment of obesity. However, due to the complexity of the disease, many pharmacological interventions have raised concerns about their efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is important to discover new factors involved in the induction/progression of obesity. Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which are mostly isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue, are the primary cells contributing to the expansion of fat mass. Like other cells, ASCs release nanoparticles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are being actively studied for their potential applications in a variety of diseases. Here, we focused on the importance of the contribution of ASC-derived EVs in the regulation of metabolic processes. In addition, we outlined the advantages/disadvantages of the use of EVs as potential next-generation anti-obesity agents.     

Heparin-Functionalized Adsorbents Eliminate Central Effectors of Immunothrombosis,including Platelet Factor 4, High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein and Histones

Inflammation and thrombosis are closely intertwined in numerous disorders, including ischemic events and sepsis, as well as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thrombotic complications are markers of disease severity in both sepsis and COVID-19 and are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. Immunothrombosis is driven by the complement/tissue factor/neutrophil axis, as well as by activated platelets, which can trigger the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and release further effectors of immunothrombosis, including platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) and high-mobility box 1 protein (HMGB1). Many of the central effectors of deregulated immunothrombosis, including activated platelets and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) expressing PF4, soluble PF4, HMGB1, histones, as well as histone-decorated NETs, are positively charged and thus bind to heparin. Here, we provide evidence that adsorbents functionalized with endpoint-attached heparin efficiently deplete activated platelets, pEVs, PF4, HMGB1 and histones/nucleosomes. We propose that this elimination of central effectors of immunothrombosis, rather than direct binding of pathogens, could be of clinical relevance for mitigating thrombotic complications in sepsis or COVID-19 using heparin-functionalized adsorbents.     

Local Accumulation of Lymphocytes in the Intima of Human Aorta Is Associated with Giant Multinucleated Endothelial Cells: Possible Explanation for Mosaicism of Atherosclerosis

Distribution of different types of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall is not diffuse, but is characterized by mosaicism. The causes of such distribution remain to be established. At the early stages of atherogenesis, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and immune cells penetrate into the intimal layer of the arterial wall through the endothelium. In adult humans, the luminal surface of the arterial wall is a heterogeneous monolayer of cells with varying morphology including typical endothelial cells (ECs) and multinucleated variant endothelial cells (MVECs). We hypothesized that distribution of MVECs in the endothelial monolayer can be related to the distribution pattern of early atherosclerotic lesions. We obtained en face preparations of intact adult (22–59 years old) aortic wall sections that allowed us to study the endothelial monolayer and the subendothelial layer. We compared the distribution of MVECs in the endothelial monolayer with the localization of early atherosclerotic lesions in the subendothelial layer, which were characterized by lipid accumulation and immune cell recruitment. In primary culture, MVECs demonstrated increased phagocytic activity compared to mononuclear ECs. Moreover, we have shown that unaffected aortic intima contained associates formed as a result of aggregation and/or fusion of LDL particles that are non-randomly distributed. This indicated that MVECs may be involved in the accumulation of LDL in the subendothelial layer through increased transcytosis. Interaction of LDL with subendothelial cells of human aorta in primary culture increased their adhesive properties toward circulating immune cells. Study of unaffected aortic intima revealed non-random distribution of leukocytes in the subendothelial layer and increased localization of CD45+ leukocytes in the subendothelial layer adjacent to MVECs. Together, our observations indicate that MVECs may be responsible for the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall by participating in LDL internalization and immune cell recruitment.     

直流焦耳处理对Co71.8Fe4.9Nb0.8Si7.5B15玻璃包覆非晶丝非对称巨磁阻抗效应的影响

研究了Co71.8Fe4.9Nb0.8Si7.5B15玻璃包覆非晶丝经直流焦耳处理后的非对称巨磁阻抗效应.结果表明,随着处理电流的增加,阻抗最大变化率随之增大,并在处理电流为70 mA时达到最大值.在15 MHz的驱动电流下,阻抗最大变化率为335%,线性区域的灵敏度达1%/(A·m-1).进一步提高处理电流,导致阻抗最大变化率减小.对钴基玻璃包覆非晶丝的AGMI性能特征用表面阻抗张量进行了讨论.     

钴基非晶磁芯巨磁阻抗效应电流传感器

利用钴基非晶薄带环形磁芯的巨磁阻抗效应研制了新型非接触电流传感器。磁芯在2kA／m横向磁场作用下，用密度为25A／mm。短时矩形脉冲电流退火30s，通过CMOS多谐振荡电路产生的频率为900kHz窄脉冲电流激励，最大阻抗变化率为34％，磁场灵敏度约为45％Oe。分析了传感器工作原理，设计了传感器电路，通过参数的优化和电流负反馈设计提高了传感器的分辨率、线性度、灵敏度和测量范围。设定测量范围为-2．5～＋2．5A时，传感器测量精度为0．45％，灵敏度为0．67V/A