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排序方式: 共有2394条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Preparation of glycol derivatives of partially hydrogenated soybean oil fatty acids and their potential as lubricants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hemendra N. Basu Ellen M. Robley Max E. Norris 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(11):1227-1230
Glycol diesters and mixtures of mono- and diesters have been prepared from methyl esters of partially hydrogenated soybean
oil fatty acids and diethylene, dipropylene, neopentyl and triethylene glycols. The catalyst used in these reactions was a
mixture of calcium acetate/barium acetate (3∶1, w/w). The reactions were carried out under nitrogen with 0.5% catalyst at
temperatures in the range of 190–275°C. Borated esters of mixed mono- and diesters were prepared with 0.33 equivalent of boric
acid per 1.0 equivalent hydroxyl group on the ester. Refractive indices, viscosities, and flash and fire points were determined
for diesters, mixed mono- and diesters, and mixed diesters and borated esters. The viscosities, flash points and fire points
indicate that these esters can be used as a component of lubricating oils. Wear-prevention characteristics of mixed diesters
and borated esters indicated that they can be used as antifriction additives in lubricating oils.
Lecture presented at the joint meeting of the International Society for Fat Research and the American Oil Chemists' Society
in Toronto, May 10, 1992. 相似文献
22.
对羟基苯甲酸酯的催化剂研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述了固体超强酸TiO2/SO42-,磷钨、硅钨杂多酸及固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40/TiO2,浓硫酸(微波常压法),Lewis酸(FeCl3·6H2O,Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O)等几种不同催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸酯的实验结果.分析各种固体催化剂对该酯化反应的催化活性、选择性、重复使用性能及使用范围. 相似文献
23.
Phase diagrams for oil/methanol/ether mixtures 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
David G. B. Boocock Samir K. Konar Hanif Sidi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(10):1247-1251
One-phase transmethylations of vegetable oils with methanol to form methyl esters occur considerably faster than conventional
two-phase reactions. Addition of simple ethers is an efficient method for producing a single phase. Ternary phase diagrams
have been determined at 23°C for oil/methanol/ether mixtures; these are useful when applying the one-phase method across a
wide range of conditions. Soybean, canola, palm, and coconut oils were used in combination with five ethers, namely, tetrahydrofuran
(THF), 1,4-dioxane (DO), diethyl ether (DE), diisopropyl ether (DI), andtert-butyl methyl ether (TBM). All five ethers can produce miscibility for all methanol/oil compositions. The ether/methanol volumetric
ratios required for miscibility at a methanol/soybean or canola oil volumetric ratio of 0.20 (5.4 molar ratio) at 23°C are:
THF, 1.15; DO, 1.60; DE, 1.38 DI, 1.57; and TBM, 1.57. For THF, this results in one-phase mixtures that contain 65 vol% oil.
Soybean and canola oil form identical diagrams. Palm oil requires slightly less ether at the lower methanol concentrations,
but coconut oil requires considerably less across the whole concentration range. Acid-catalyzed reactions, when performed
at the boiling point of the most volatile component, require less ether than predicted from the diagrams. 相似文献
24.
This work examines low-temperature properties of triglyceride-based alternate fuels for direct-injection compression-ignition
engines. Methyl esters from transesterified soybean oil were studied as neat fuels and in blends with petroleum middle distillates
(No. 1 or No. 2 diesel fuel). Admixed methyl esters composed of 5–30 vol% tallowate methyl esters in soyate methyl esters
were also examined. Pour points, cloud points, and kinematic viscosities were measured; viscosities at cooler temperatures
were studied to evaluate effects of sustained exposure. Low-temperature filterability studies were conducted in accordance
with two standard methodologies. The North American standard was the low-temperature flow test (LTFT), and its European equivalent
was the cold-filter plugging point (CFPP). With respect to cold-flow properties, blending methyl esters with middle distillates
is limited to relatively low ester contents before the properties become preclusive. Under most conditions, cold-flow properties
were not greatly affected by admixing the methyl esters with up to 30 vol% tallowate (before blending). Least squares analysis
showed that both LTFT and CFPP of formulations containing at least 10 vol% methyl esters are linear functions of cloud point.
In addition, statistical analysis of the LTFT data showed a strong 1:1 correlation between LTFT and CP. This result may prove
crucial in efforts to improve low-temperature flow properties of alternate diesel fuels that contain methyl esters derived
from triglycerides. 相似文献
25.
26.
Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using ZnO loaded with KF as a solid base catalyst.
It was found that the catalyst with 15 wt.% KF loading and calcined at 873 K showed the optimum activity. XRD, IR and Hammett
indicator method were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed the activity of the catalysts was correlated
with their basicity. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was also discussed. 相似文献
27.
28.
Yinzhong Guo Vijay M. Mannari Pulin Patel John L. Massingill 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(4):327-331
A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric
acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid
value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid
phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous
dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear
solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their
thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully
used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion
resistance properties. 相似文献
29.
D. L. Purcell B. T. McClure J. McDonald Hemendra N. Basu 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(3):381-388
An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters
of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304,
prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy- and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States
Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the
fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also
was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less
carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light- and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further
reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over
30% without increasing NOx. The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel,
used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines.
References to specific products do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, a now defunct agency. 相似文献
30.
Enzymatic production of alkyl esters through alcoholysis: A critical evaluation of lipases and alcohols 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Li?Deng Xuebing?XuEmail author Gudmundur?G.?Haraldsson Tianwei?Tan Fang?Wang 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2005,82(5):341-347
This paper focuses on a detailed evaluation of commercially available immobilized lipases and simple monohydric alcohols for
the production of alkyl esters from sunflower oil by enzymatic alcoholysis. Six lipases were tested with seven alcohols, including
straight and branched-chain primary and secondary alcohols. The reactions were conducted in a batch stirred reaction vessel
using stoichiometric amounts of substrates under solvent-free conditions. Dramatic differences in alcoholysis performance
were observed among the different lipases. For most of the alcohols, Novozym 435 produced the highest yield of FA alkyl esters,
with yields well over 90% for methanol, absolute ethanol, and 1-propanol. Overall, 96% ethanol was the preferred alcohol for
all lipases except Novozym 435, and ethanolysis reactions reached the maximal conversion efficiency. Increasing the water
content in the system resulted in an increased degree of conversion for all lipases except Novozym 435. The secondary alcohol
2-propanol significantly reduced the alcoholysis reaction with all lipases; however, the branch-chain isobutanol was more
advantageous than linear 1-butanol for Novozym 435, Lipozyme RMIM, and Lipase PS-C. Many commercial immobilized lipases are
highly efficient and promising for the production of alkyl esters, offering high reaction yields and a simple operation process. 相似文献