油脂中总不饱和脂肪酸的紫外光谱测定

利用紫外光谱测定油脂中不饱和成分,以动物油为对照,主要分析检测了常见的7种植物油．本文确定了紫外谱图分析油脂的检测条件,将原始油配制成0．2％的环己烷溶液;以相似度为指标比较光谱曲线,验证该检测方法具有很好的重现性和特异性;用w检验法确定了共有峰,运用紫外谱图检测化合物共轭结构的原理,对各种油脂中总不饱和脂肪酸进行识别并计算相对含量．紫苏油和核桃油中的不饱和脂肪酸种类最丰富,紫苏油中不饱和双键数4的脂肪酸含量为核桃油的1．5倍,橄榄油中包含的不饱和脂肪酸主要为此种脂肪酸．其次,葵花籽油、玉米油、花生油、杏仁油的总不饱和脂肪酸含量依次递减,动物油中的不饱和脂肪酸未检出．经过碱皂化、甲酯化等方法处理后的样品中,不饱和脂肪酸的紫外吸收光谱特性明显减弱,因此该方法可以简单、快速、准确地测定油脂中的不饱和脂肪酸．     

自乳化水性环氧防腐涂料乳液的探索研究

通过相转化法,用磷酸和丙烯酸及其酯类单体对环氧树脂进行改性,得到了一种性能优良的自乳化水性环氧防腐涂料乳液,主要用于容器内壁的防护装饰。     

DDI-microFIA--A readily configurable microarray-fluorescence immunoassay based on DNA-directed immobilization of proteins

We describe a chip-based immunoassay for multiplex antigen detection, based on the self-assembly of semi-synthetic DNA-protein conjugates to generate an easily configurable protein microarray. The general principle of this microarray-fluorescence immunoassay (microFIA) is similar to that of a two-sided (sandwich) immunoassay. However, covalent single-stranded DNA-streptavidin conjugates are employed for the efficient immobilization of biotinylated capture antibodies through hybridization to complementary surface-bound DNA oligomers. In a model system, we use the DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) of antibodies to generate an antibody microarray for the parallel detection of the tumor marker human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), recombinant mistletoe lectin rViscumin (rVis), ceruloplasmin (CEP), and complement-1-inactivator (C1A) in human blood serum samples. Detection limits down to 400 pg mL(-1) are reached. In addition, we describe a method for the internal standardization of protein microarray analyses, based on the simultaneous measurement of constant amounts of the blood proteins CEP and C1 A, intrinsically present in human serum, to compensate for interexperimental variations usually occurring in microarray analyses. The standardization leads to a significantly higher data reliability and reproducibility in intra- and interassay measurements. We further demonstrate that the DDI-microFIA can also be carried out in a single step by tagging of the analyte simultaneously with both capture and detection antibody and subsequent immobilization of the immunocomplex formed, on the DNA microarray capture matrix. This protocol significantly reduces handling time and costs of analysis.     

卡尔曼滤波同时pH滴定法研究

将卡尔曼滤波(KF)递推算法，用于多组分同时pH滴定中，讨论了方法原理，pH通道的选挥，同时对二、三、四元系统混合酸(碱)试祥，进行了多次测定，获得满意结果。     

复合氨基酸月桂醇酯的合成及性能

以菜籽粕水解制得的复合氨基酸浓缩液为原料,与月桂醇酯化制得复合氨基酸月桂醇酯.探讨了物料配比、反应时间、带水剂及催化剂对合成的影响,并对产品的表面活性进行了测定.结果表明:合成反应的最佳条件是月桂醇与复合氨基酸的摩尔比为1∶2.甲苯作带水剂(反应温度110～122℃),反应时间为4h,催化剂浓H2SO4的用量为复合氨基酸的8%,少量的聚乙二醇(PEG600)作相转移催化剂.制得的产品具有良好的泡沫稳定性.     

具有细胞识别信号的组织工程支架材料的研究

组织工程是一门新兴的交叉性学科,寻找理想的具有细胞识别信号的细胞外基质替代材料是目前研究的热点之一.综述了天然聚合物材料、新兴的α-氨基酸类聚合材料等具有细胞识别信号的材料的研究和发展概况.     

Tandem mass spectrometry in the study of fatty acids,bile acids,and steroids

Over the last 50 years, the mass spectrometry of lipids has evolved to become one of the most mature techniques in biomolecule analysis. Many volatile and non-polar lipids are directly amenable to analysis by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a technique that combines the unsurpassed separation properties of gas-chromatography with the sensitivity and selectivity of electron ionization mass spectrometry. Less volatile and/or thermally labile lipids can be analyzed by GC-MS, following appropriate sample derivatization. However, many complex lipids are not readily analyzed by GC-MS, and it is these molecules that are the subject of the current review. Since the early 1970s, there have been three outstanding developments in mass spectrometry that are particularly appropriate in lipid analysis; i.e., the introduction of (i) fast atom bombardment (FAB); (ii) electrospray (ES); and (iii) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The FAB and ES ionization techniques will be discussed in relation to MS/MS, and examples of their application in biochemical studies will be presented. The review will concentrate on the analysis of fatty acids, bile acids, steroid conjugates, and neutral steroids.     

The Diffusible Signal Factor Family of Bacterial Cell?Cell Signals

Bacterial cell-to-cell signals of the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family are cis-2-unsaturated fatty acids that differ in their chain length and branching patterns. Signaling involving DSF family members occurs in diverse bacteria to include plant and human pathogens. In the majority of these organisms, the perception of DSF is linked to turnover of the second messenger cyclic di-GMP by one of two “core” pathways. Additional “accessory” signal transduction pathways can also be found, but are not widely conserved. DSF signaling acts to regulate diverse functions to include biofilm formation and architecture, antibiotic resistance, and the production of virulence factors in pathogens. DSF family signals can also participate in interspecies signaling with other bacteria and interkingdom signaling with the yeast Candida albicans. Such interactions may have importance in modifying microbial behavior during polymicrobial infections.     

Palmitoleic Acid Enrichment of Seabuckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Pulp Oil by Crystallization Process

Abstract

Seabuckthorn pulp oil was fractionated using a crystallization process with acetone under controlled cooling rate of 0.25°C/min without agitation at different crystallization temperatures ranging from ? 15 to 15°C. The obtained liquid (LF) and solid (SF) fractions were analyzed for their fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions and their melting profiles were characterized. Fractionation at ? 15°C yielded about 20% of LF where palmitoleic acid represented 53% of total lipids. The SF fraction was mainly rich in palmitic acid. LF were richer in triacylglycerol with acyl carbon numbers of 50 and 52 (C50 and C52) than SF, which contained a higher amount of C48. The melting curves of LF and SF showed multiple endothermic transitions.     

Compositional characteristics and aromatic profile of date palm seeds from seven varieties grown in Tunisia

This paper reports a discrimination study based on the physico‐chemical characteristics, fatty acids and profile of volatile compounds of the seeds from seven date palm varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in Tunisia. Date seeds contained 10.49–14.76% moisture; 6.28–11.2% fat (on a dry weight basis); 2.67–12.85% protein; 0.91–6.06% reducing sugar; 0.61–2.98% sucrose and 0.97–1.17% ash. Gas liquid chromatography revealed that the oil fraction of the date palm seeds contained eighteen fatty acids, with oleic acid (30.77–42.50%) and lauric acid (18.51–27.48%) as the main unsaturated and saturated ones. Volatile profile showed differences among varieties. In total, forty‐five compounds were identified, mainly alcohols, aldehydes and unsaturated hydrocarbons ones. This study provides evidence that the seeds of date may be a potential source of valuable nutrients with interesting functionality.