Expression of a Deschampsia antarctica Desv. Polypeptide with Lipase Activity in a Pichia pastoris Vector

The current study isolated and characterized the Lip3F9 polypeptide sequence of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (GeneBank Accession Number {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"JX846628","term_id":"443427649","term_text":"JX846628"}}JX846628), which was found to be comprised of 291 base pairs and was, moreover, expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 cells. The enzyme was secreted after 24 h of P. pastoris culture incubation and through induction with methanol. The expressed protein showed maximum lipase activity (35 U/L) with an optimal temperature of 37 °C. The lipase-expressed enzyme lost 50% of its specific activity at 25 °C, a behavior characteristic of a psychrotolerant enzyme. Recombinant enzyme activity was measured in the presence of ionic and non-ionic detergents, and a decrease in enzyme activity was detected for all concentrations of ionic and non-ionic detergents assessed.     

猪干扰素α基因的克隆与真核表达

目的克隆猪干扰素α(IFNα)基因,并在毕赤酵母中进行表达。方法用植物血凝素诱导猪外周血中的淋巴细胞,Trizol试剂提取总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增猪IFNα基因,将其克隆至pPIC9K载体中,构建重组真核表达质粒pPIC9K-IFNα,经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定正确后,电转化至毕赤酵母GS115中。筛选阳性菌株,经甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析。结果RT-PCR扩增获得521bp的猪IFNα基因;所构建的重组表达质粒经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定正确;表达的目的蛋白相对分子质量约为19000,可溶性蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的13%;该蛋白能与相应抗体产生特异免疫反应。结论已成功克隆并在毕赤酵母中表达了猪IFNα基因,为进一步研究其生物学性状奠定了基础。     

胆盐水解酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的在毕赤酵母中表达胆盐水解酶(Bile salt hydrolase,BSH)基因。方法以重组质粒pMD18-BSH为模板,PCR扩增BSH基因,克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZαA上,经AvrⅡ线性化,电转化至毕赤酵母SMD1168,PCR筛选阳性重组子,诱导表达,表达产物经Western blot进行分析。结果重组表达质粒pGAPZαA-BSH经双酶切及测序证明构建正确;经PCR鉴定阳性的重组酵母菌的诱导表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,可见相对分子质量约35000的目的蛋白表达条带;表达的重组蛋白可与兔抗植物乳杆菌多克隆抗体发生特异性反应。结论在毕赤酵母中成功表达了BSH,为BSH结构与相关功能及高效降解胆固醇的基因工程菌株的研究奠定了基础。     

Constitutive Expression of Thermobifida fusca Thermostable Acetylxylan Esterase Gene in Pichia pastoris

A gene encoding the thermostable acetylxylan esterase (AXE) in Thermobifida fusca NTU22 was amplified by PCR, sequenced and cloned into the Pichia pastoris X-33 host strain using the vector pGAPZαA, allowing constitutive expression and secretion of the protein. Recombinant expression resulted in high levels of extracellular AXE production, as high as 526 U/mL in the Hinton flask culture broth. The purified enzyme showed a single band at about 28 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after being treated with endo-β-N-acetylglycosaminidase H; this agrees with the predicted size based on the nucleotide sequence. About 70% of the original activity remained after heat treatment at 60 °C for three hours. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The properties of the purified AXE from the P. pastoris transformant are similar to those of the AXE from an E. coli transformant.     

Cloning and Expression of Aspergillus tamarii FS132 Lipase Gene in Pichia pastoris

A lipase gene (atl) was cloned from Aspergillus tamarii FS132 for the first time. The gene was found to have an open reading frame of 1024 base pairs (bp), and the coding region of the gene contained two introns (51 bp and 52 bp). Multi-alignment analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated high homology between the enzyme and mono-and diacylglycerol lipases from fungi Aspergillus. The recombinant lipase was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 cells. The recombinant lipase was found to have a molecular mass of 36.7 kDa, and it exhibited lipase activity of 20 U/mL in culture supernatant when tributyrin was used as the substrate.     

Study of green Sicilian table olive fermentations through microbiological,chemical and sensory analyses

The production of five different green table olive cultivars was studied by a combined strategy consisting of chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses. Cultivable microflora of samples collected during processing was monitored by plate counts on seven synthetic culture media. In all samples Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae, staphylococci, lactic acid bacteria and spore-forming bacteria were undetectable. Yeasts and moulds were countable from the day 42 (2 log CFU/ml) till the end of fermentation (6 log CFU/ml). The use of three different approaches for microorganism detection, including a culture-independent methodology, revealed the presence of barely three yeast species during the entire fermentation period: Candida parapsilosis, Pichia guilliermondii and Pichia kluyveri. Biochemical features of technological interest were evaluated for 94 strains in order to investigate their potential role in fermentation of green Sicilian table olives.     

Combination of Pichia membranifaciens and ammonium molybdate for controlling blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum in peach fruit

The potential enhancement of Pichia membranifaciens by ammonium molybdate (NH₄Mo) to control blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum on peach fruit was investigated. Combining P. membranifaciens at 1 × 10⁸ cell/ml with 1 mM NH₄Mo provided a more effective control of blue mould rot than applying the yeast or NH₄Mo alone. Addition of 1 mM NH₄Mo significantly increased the growth of P. membranifaciens in peach wounds, but did not affect the population in nutrient yeast dextrose broth medium. The in vitro experiment showed that the combined treatment inhibited spore germination and germ tube elongation of P. expansum in comparison with the treatment of P. membranifaciens or NH₄Mo alone. Moreover, P. membranifaciens, NH₄Mo, and the combination of them did not impair the quality parameters including fruit firmness and content of total soluble solids, titratable acidity and vitamin C of peach fruit after 6 days of storage at 20 °C. These results suggested that the use of NH₄Mo is a useful approach to improve the efficacy of P. membranifaciens for postharvest disease control in peach fruit.     

The human c‐fos and TNFα AU‐rich elements show different effects on mRNA abundance and protein expression depending on the reporter in the yeast Pichia pastoris

AU‐rich elements (AREs) are located in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of their host genes and tightly regulate mRNA degradation and expression. Examples for this kind of regulation are the human proto‐oncogene c‐fos and the cytokine TNFα. Despite large effort in this field, the exact mechanism of ARE‐mediated mRNA turnover remains unclear. In this work we analysed the effects of c‐fos‐ and TNFα AREs on mRNA abundance and protein expression of selected human cDNAs in the yeast Pichia pastoris. This yeast is exceedingly well known for its excellent protein production capacity; however, ARE‐like mechanisms have not been studied in this yeast to date. Interestingly, we observed both stabilizing and destabilizing effects of the c‐fos ARE, whereas the TNFα ARE has a destabilizing or expression‐reducing function in all tested cDNAs. Based on this observation, we introduced a number of single‐point mutations upstream of the introduced c‐fos ARE into the 3′ UTR of a single cDNA in order to demonstrate the importance of ARE‐flanking sequences for their own regulation. In conclusion, we illustrate that the analysis of ARE‐mediated effects on mRNA abundance and protein expression of a reporter depends on the sequence of the reporter itself as well as the ARE‐surrounding sequences within the 3′ UTR. For this reason, we question whether already established reporter constructs in other cellular systems display the true type of regulation of the tested AREs for its original host gene. Finally, we propose that AREs should be analysed in their native sequence context. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Model‐based specific growth rate control for Pichia pastoris to improve recombinant protein production

Constant specific growth rate control in the methanol growth phase was investigated for the fed‐batch cultivation of Pichia pastoris expressing recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA). The methanol feeding strategy was determined based on an earlier proposed macrokinetic model to maintain the specific growth rate at preset levels. The experimental results demonstrate that the control strategy of constant specific growth rate is more effective than that of constant feeding rate to maximize production. Furthermore, the most productive setpoint of the specific growth rate is found between 0.005 and 0.006 h^?1, which yields protein concentrations higher than 5 g l^?1 at 160 h. In addition, a setpoint of 0.008 h^?1 is suggested as the upper limit for specific growth rate control for the given expression system. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry