基于四元数的低成本姿态测量系统设计

针对运动载体姿态测量的需求,以MEMS惯性测量器件MPU6050为核心,设计了一种低成本姿态测量系统.系统采用四元数作为姿态解算的基础,融合陀螺仪和加速度计数据以修正陀螺仪累积误差引起的姿态漂移.为了降低MCU负担提高系统实时性,数据融合采用运算量较小的梯度下降和互补滤波相结合的方法.实验结果表面:此测量系统实时性好,输出姿态角稳定,且成本低,具有一定的实用价值.     

多尺度有理分形的图像插值算法

目的图像插值是图像处理中的重要问题,为了提高纹理图像的放大质量,结合以往的有理函数的插值算法,提出一种新的基于有理分形函数的图像插值算法。方法对于输入图像,首先,运用中值滤波和直方图均衡化对输入图像预处理;其次,通过毯子覆盖法求出图像的多尺度分形特征值,进行纹理区域和平滑区域的划分;最后,在纹理区域采用有理分形插值函数,在平滑区域采用有理插值函数。结果对于一般图像,本文算法与NARM(nonlocal autoregressive model),NEDI(new edge-directed interpolation)相当,在纹理区域较多的图像中,本文算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)数值上较对比算法进一步提高,在视觉效果上,图像对比度明显增强,在Barbara,Truck等的对比图像中,峰值信噪比均提高了0.5 1 dB。结论本文插值算法利用多尺度分形特征将图像划分区域,在不同区域采用不同的插值模型。优化模型参数使得插值质量进一步提高。实验表明本文算法能够对纹理和非纹理区域有效划分对纹理的信息保持优于传统算法,获得了较好的主客观效果。     

A projected gradient method for optimization over density matrices

An ensemble of quantum states can be described by a Hermitian, positive semidefinite and unit trace matrix called density matrix. Thus, the study of methods for optimizing a certain function (energy, entropy) over the set of density matrices has a direct application to important problems in quantum information and computation. We propose a projected gradient method for solving such problems. By exploiting the geometry of the feasible set, which is the intersection of the cone of Hermitian positive semidefinite matrices with the hyperplane defined by the unit trace constraint, we describe an efficient procedure to compute the projection onto this set using the Frobenius norm. Some important applications, such as quantum state tomography, are described and numerical experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the method when compared to previous methods based on fixed-point iterations or semidefinite programming.     

Control of Julia Sets in Generalized Alternated System

In this paper, we first introduce the generalized alternated system. The definition of the Julia set in the generalized alternated system is given, which is called a generalized alternated Julia set. Then, we achieve the control of generalized alternated Julia sets by applying the classic control methods, which are gradient control and optimal control. In addition, the synchronization between two different generalized alternated Julia sets is implemented using gradient control and optimal control. The simulations illustrate the effectiveness and correctness of these two control methods, and the results are displayed in 2D computer graphics.     

融合梯度信息与HVS滤波器的无参考清晰度评价

目的 目前无参考图像质量评价算法的性能存在较大的提升空间,为了提高清晰度评价技术,提出了一种基于梯度信息与HVS滤波器的无参考清晰度评价算法(GI-F)。方法 该算法首先利用梯度算子计算各像素点的梯度信息,再通过HVS滤波器得到加权和作为图像的清晰度指标。结果 在公开数据库LIVE、TID2008和CSIQ上进行的实验,GI-F与S3(Spectral and Spatial Sharpness)、CPBD(Cumulative Probability of Blur Detection)和LPC-SI(Local Phase Coherence-based Sharpness Index)相比,性能指标RMSE(Root Mean Squared Error)、PLCC(Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient)和SROCC(Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient)分别提升了20.66%、4.61%和3.33%;同时GI-F还具有更低的计算复杂度,即使与目前最好的BRISQUE(Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial QUality Evaluator)算法相比,耗时也降低了79.72%。结论 该算法只需耗费更少的时间即可计算出与人眼感知更加接近的客观清晰度指标,可广泛用于无参考图像情况下的清晰度指标计算场合,同时还可以通过并行计算进一步降低其计算时间。     

二阶自治广义Birkhoff系统的奇点分析

建立二阶自治广义Birkhoff系统的微分方程.给出该系统的线性化方程,得到该线性方程转化为梯度系统的条件,利用梯度系统的性质对线性系统的奇点进行了分析,然后再利用Perron定理探讨了相应的非线性系统的奇点类型.结果表明,如果线性系统能成为梯度系统,那么相应的非线性系统的奇点可能是结点或者鞍点.     

水深及滩地糙率对复式断面河道过流能力的影响

水深、滩地糙率是具有单、双槽复式断面河道过流能力的重要影响因素。采用数学模型计算并分析不同水深及滩地糙率情况下,概化的顺直型复式断面河道的过流能力,结果表明:当滩地水深与滩地高度之比增大时,滩地流量分配比随之增大,但增大的趋势越来越弱。随着滩地水深与滩地高度之比增大,河道水力坡降降低,在滩地水深与滩地高度之比小于0.4时,增大滩地水深与滩地高度之比对于减小水面比降效果明显。随着滩地糙率的增大,滩地流量分配比迅速减小,两者呈线性相关。     

Multiphoton fluorescent images with a spatially varying background signal: a ML deconvolution method

By means of multiphoton laser scanning microscopy, neuroscientists can look inside the brain deeper than has ever been possible before. Multiphoton fluorescent images, as all optical images, suffer from degradation caused by a variety of sources (e.g. light dispersion and absorption in the tissue, laser fluctuations, spurious photodetection and staining deficiency). From a modelling perspective, such degradations can be considered the sum of stochastic noise and a background signal. Among the methods proposed in the literature to perform image deconvolution in either confocal or multiphoton fluorescent microscopy, Vicidomini et al. (2009) were the first to incorporate models for noise (a Poisson process) and background signal (spatially constant) in the context of regularized inverse problems. Unfortunately, the so-called split-gradient deconvolution method (SGM) they used did not consider possible spatial variations in the background signal. In this paper, we extend the SGM by adding a maximum-likelihood estimation step for the determination of a spatially varying background signal. We demonstrate that the assumption of a constant background is not always valid in multiphoton laser microscopy and by using synthetic and actual multiphoton fluorescent images, we evaluate the face of validity of the proposed method, and compare its accuracy with the previously introduced SGM algorithm.     

无黏性土层之间渗流接触冲刷机理试验研究

判别无黏性成层土产生接触冲刷的准则及确定产生接触冲刷的水力比降是研究渗流控制措施的必备要素,为工程界所关注。根据对试验资料的整理与分析,阐明了无黏性成层土产生接触冲刷的几何条件和水力条件,同时建立了产生接触冲刷的临界水力比降与两土层特征粒径的函数关系,可以用来判别无黏性双层土之间是否会产生接触冲刷。如果判明会产生接触冲刷,可进一步计算出产生接触冲刷的水力比降,这对土工建筑物的渗流控制具有指导意义。     

基于平稳小波变换的SAR图像海岸线提取

阐述了一种利用平稳小波变换(SWT)从SAR图像中提取海岸线的方法。该方法首先利用基于局部统计特性的自适应滤波算法对SAR图像进行滤波,然后利用SWT对SAR图像进行分析处理,计算SWT系数的小波梯度信息,通过模极大值搜索检测边缘点,最后利用阈值化和形态学方法对局部极大值图像进行细化处理。实验结果证明,这种方法是对于SAR图像海岸线提取是有效的。