基于代数结构的商空间模型研究

现有商空间模型中论域结构一般被指定为拓扑结构,问题的粒度由等价关系唯一地确定。当论域结构由拓扑结构变成应用广泛的代数结构时,引入同余关系的概念,系统地论证了两个重要结论在基于代数结构的商空间模型中依然成立,即全体同余关系构成的完备半序格和保假,保真原理的存在性。而当确定问题粒度的等价关系不是一个同余关系时,对偶地定义了上（下）同余与上（下）商,简捷地证明了它们的存在性并得出了一些重要性质,为商空间的合成与分解提供了理论依据。最后以纠错码进行传输的路由选择算法为实例,分析了基于代数结构的商空间模型在网络安全传输过程中的应用。从结构上扩展了现有商空间模型,为商空间理论与代数理论的结合提供了基础。     

Structure characterization within the vicinity of the fine granular area by synchrotron radiation nano‐CT

The three‐dimensional (3D) microstructures within the vicinity of the fine granular area (FGA) were investigated with synchrotron radiation nano‐computed tomography (CT). In this investigation, the very high cycle fatigue test of a high‐strength steel was carried out with an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine. Then, focused ion beam cutting was used to cut a part near the surface of the FGA. Finally, the 3D structure of the sample was obtained with the nano‐CT imaging. The results indicated that the base material was composed of various subgrains that are tens to hundreds nanometres in size. Through analysis of the slices, small granular areas consist of several subgrains. The statistical analysis of the subgrain size indicated that the subgrain size near the surface of the FGA is similar to that far from the surface of the FGA and near the fracture surface except the FGA. It indicated that the refinement has not been found by nano‐CT.     

Mechanistic-based comparisons of stabilised base and granular surface layers of low-volume roads

Granular surface and base layers of low-volume roads (LVRs) are frequently subjected to severe damage that adversely affects safety and requires regular repair and maintenance. Various stabilisation methods have been evaluated for mitigating damage and improving serviceability of LVR systems. However, few well-documented comparisons exist of the field mechanical performance, durability and construction costs of different stabilisation methods under the same set of geological, climate, and traffic conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the most effective and economical among several stabilisation methods for repairing or reconstructing granular surface and base layers of LVRs. In this study, a range of promising technologies from a comprehensive literature review was selected and examined using field demonstration sections. A total of nine geomaterials, three chemical stabilisers, and three types of geosynthetics were used to construct various test sections over a 3.22 km stretch of granular-surfaced road. Extensive falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and dynamic cone penetrometer tests were performed to evaluate the multilayered elastic moduli and strengths of the various sections. This paper details the design and construction of each test section, compares the as-constructed mechanistic performance of all test sections, and assesses stiffness changes of several sections one year after construction. To provide a statistical basis for the comparisons, a pairwise multiple-comparison procedure applied for unequal sample sizes and variances and the paired t-test were used to analyse the FWD test results, demonstrating that the performance measures of the various sections were significantly different.     

制革废水快速启动UASB反应器

制革废水是一类污染负荷很高的工业废水,由于其自身的特点,利用高效的厌氧处理技术处理高负荷的制革废水还是一个新的研究领域。本文简单综述了几种制革废水快速启动UASB反应器的技术和研究,力争对UASB工艺在制革废水处理方面的实际应用起到指导作用。     

超临界CO2状态下氢化大豆浓缩磷脂的研究

在超临界CO2状态下,用Pd／C作催化剂,进行氢化大豆浓缩磷脂的加成反应。确定了高压反应釜中C02的压力为5MPa,而后加入H2至总压力为9MPa时,二氯甲烷．乙醇混合溶剂比2：1,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为70min,搅拌速度为220r／min,催化剂添加量为3．5％,产品得率为92％,碘值为35．5gI2／100g的氢化浓缩磷脂。产品抗氧化性增强,呈颗粒状,颜色为淡黄色,有利于加工、运输、贮藏,改善了浓缩磷脂在饲料中的分散性。     

尿素包合法富集红花油中亚油酸的工艺优化

尿素包合法分离提纯脂肪酸成本低,操作简单,纯度高,已被广泛使用。红花籽油经皂化水解、尿素包合富集亚油酸,通过正交试验得出尿素包合亚油酸的最佳工艺条件为:尿素甲醇比例3/10(M/V)、温度时间条件-18℃12h,5℃12h、尿素甲醇溶液与脂肪酸的比例100/10(V/M)。在此条件下,亚油酸得率可达85.67%,纯度达89.98%。     

大豆蛋白纤维双氧水-尿素漂白工艺研究

探讨了有尿素存在下的大豆蛋白纤维双氧水漂白工艺,分析了双氧水、尿素用量、pH值、温度对处理效果的影响。结果表明,双氧水-尿素漂白工艺优于常规工艺。     

尿素包合法富集纯化杜仲籽油α-亚麻酸的工艺优化

采用二次正交旋转组合设计,对尿素包合法富集纯化杜仲籽油中α-亚麻酸的工艺进行了优化研究。在单因素实验的基础上,以α-亚麻酸纯度为考察指标,考察了尿素与脂肪酸质量比、95%乙醇与脂肪酸质量比、包合温度、包合时间等四个实验因素对α-亚麻酸富集效果的影响,建立了二次多元回归方程预测模型。实验结果表明α-亚麻酸最佳富集工艺条件为:尿素与脂肪酸质量比为3:1,95%乙醇与脂肪酸质量比为9:1,包合温度为-9.0℃,包合时间为17.0h。在此最佳富集条件下,α-亚麻酸纯度可提高至82.63%。尿素包合法是富集纯化杜仲籽油α-亚麻酸的有效方法。      

Optimisation of rancidity stability in long‐chain PUFA concentrates obtained from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by‐product

This research was focused on the production of polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates from a farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by‐product (i.e. belly muscle). The effect of different process variables (urea/fatty acids (FA) contents ratio, crystallisation time and temperature and stirring speed of the urea/FA mixture) on the lipid oxidation development during the urea complexation process was investigated. For this purpose, an experimental design (26 runs) following the response‐surface methodology was developed. As a result, peroxide value and TOTOX index showed to be dependent on the crystallisation time and temperature and the urea/FA ratio, while no influence of the crystallisation stirring speed was detected on both indices; additionally, polyene index was affected by the urea/FA ratio and its interaction with the crystallisation time. An optimised desirability score near 1.0 was attained provided values of 2.8 °C, 3.05 h and 3.57 were applied for crystallisation temperature, crystallisation time and urea/FA ratio, respectively.