影响陶瓷餐具中温釉铅溶出量几个因素的探析

对陶瓷餐具中温釉在配方、熔块制各、氧化物、着色剂添加量、烧成方式和烧成温度几方面的试验，分析和探讨了以上因素对陶瓷餐具中温釉铅溶出量的影响，提出了在陶瓷中温釉生产中应该注意及改进的几个方法。     

采用高速剪切反应器生产超细氧化铋工艺探讨

利用硝酸铋溶液和碳酸铵溶液为原料，采用高速剪切反应器，500℃煅烧后可以生产出高纯、超细的氧化铋粉末。该方法制备出的氧化铋平均粒度0．71μm且粒度范围分布窄，颗粒形貌为类球形，晶相为纯α相，指标达到电子压敏陶瓷要求。由于粒度细小，可以在电子压敏陶瓷球磨工艺减少球磨工艺，并具有更好的分散效果。本文对超细的氧化铋粉末形成机理也进行了探讨。     

Al2O3包覆石墨颗粒的制备及表征

以Al(NO3)3·9H 2O为主要原料,采用非均匀成核技术在鳞片状石墨表面包覆一层Al2O3,制备成石墨/氧化铝复合粉体.对复合粉体的制备条件、表面形貌和特性进行了研究.研究表明pH值、处理温度和覆层物质前驱体浓度是影响包覆的主要因素.TEM观察和XPS能谱检测表明,石墨颗粒表面均匀包覆有一层Al2O3.包覆后石墨表面由疏水转为亲水.     

碱土金属氧化物对掺铒磷酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

以摩尔组成为72P2O5-8Al2O3-20RO(R=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)和(77-x)P2O5-8Al2O3-(15 x)BaO(x=0,5,10,15,20)掺铒磷酸盐玻璃系统为研究对象,测量和计算了掺铒磷酸盐玻璃的各种光谱参数,探讨了不同网络修饰体及其含量对掺铒磷酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响。结果表明：玻璃折射率nd、积分吸收截面∑sbs发射截面σemi,J-O强度参量Ωt以及自发辐射几率AR都有较强的成分依赖性,主要决定于Er^3 离子周围结构和Er-O键共价性的变化;减小Er-O键的共价性可得到较高的∑abs,σemi以及AR。     

高纯纳米ZnSnO3气敏材料的制备及气敏性能

用草酸-氨水共沉淀法制备了ZnSnO3粉体,适当烧结后制备了一种对乙醇具有高灵敏度和高选择性的传感器。用X射线衍射仪和电镜对其成分和形貌进行分析。此外,用DSC-TG检测了草酸-氨水共沉淀法制得的前驱体反应过程,并与其它方法如：固-固反应、氨水反应制备出的粉体作了比较。结果发现：草酸-氨水共沉淀法制备的前驱体,在600℃,30h热处理后,可以获得高纯纳米ZnSnO3粉末。由这种粉末经700℃烧结2h制成的传感器对乙醇的灵敏度可达13．329。在有其它气体共存时,这种气敏传感器对乙醇具有良好的选择性。在30d的连续检测下,具有很好的稳定性。     

以氧化镁和氧化锌为主稳定剂的PVC的热稳定性和力学性能

用HAAKE流变仪研究了氧化镁／氧化锌稳定体系对聚氯乙烯的动态热稳定性能。结果发现，在氧化镁／氧化锌质量比为2／3的条件下，配合环氧大豆油、硬脂酸钙、无毒亚磷酸酯和有机稳定剂作为辅助稳定剂，其初期着色和热稳定效果都超过了市售钙锌稳定体系，流变性能和动态热稳定特性接近铅盐稳定体系。用这种稳定体系稳定的PVC的力学性能与市售钙锌稳定体系稳定的相当。     

Study of the miscibility and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blends

The miscibility and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PEO/PVA) blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and polarizing optical microscopy. Because the glass‐transition temperature of PVA was near the melting point of PEO crystalline, an uncommon DSC procedure was used to determine the glass‐transition temperature of the PVA‐rich phase. From the DSC and DMA results, two glass‐transition temperatures, which corresponded to the PEO‐rich phase and the PVA‐rich phase, were observed. It was an important criterion to indicate that a blend was immiscible. It was also found that the preparation method of samples influenced the morphology and crystallization behaviors of PEO/PVA blends. The domain size of the disperse phase (PVA‐rich) for the solution‐cast blends was much larger than that for the coprecipitated blends. The crystallinity, spherulitic morphology, and isothermal crystallization behavior of PEO in the solution‐cast blends were similar to those of the neat PEO. On the contrary, these properties in the coprecipitated blends were different from those of the neat PEO. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1562–1568, 2004     

Designing zinc oxide nanostructures (nanoworms,nanoflowers, nanowalls,and nanorods) by pulsed laser ablation technique for gas-sensing application

In this study, pulsed laser ablation technique, also known as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), is used to design and grow zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (nanoworms, nanowalls, and nanorods) by template/seeding approach for gas-sensing applications. Conventionally, ZnO nanostructures used for gas-sensing have been usually prepared via chemical route, where the 3D/2D nanostructures are chemically synthesized and subsequently plated on an appropriate substrate. However, using pulsed laser ablation technique, the ZnO nanostructures are structurally designed and grown directly on a substrate using a two-step temperature-pressure seeding approach. This approach has been optimized to design various ZnO nanostructures by understanding the effect of substrate temperature in the 300-750°C range under O₂ gas pressure from 10-mTorr to 10 Torr. Using a thin ZnO seed layer as template that is deposited first at substrate temperature of ~300°C at background oxygen pressure of 10 mTorr on Si(100), ZnO nanostructures, such as nanoworms, nanowalls, and nanorods (with secondary flower-like growth) were grown at substrate temperatures and oxygen background pressures of (550°C and 2 Torr), (550°C and 0.5 Torr), and (650°C and 2 Torr), respectively. The morphology and the optical properties of ZnO nanostructures were examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL). The PLD-grown ZnO nanostructures are single-crystals and are highly oriented in the c-axis. The vapor-solid (VS) model is proposed to be responsible for the growth of ZnO nanostructures by PLD process. Furthermore, the ZnO nanowall structure is a very promising nanostructure due to its very high surface-to-volume ratio. Although ZnO nanowalls have been grown by other methods for sensor application, to this date, only a very few ZnO nanowalls have been grown by PLD for this purpose. In this regard, ZnO nanowall structures are deposited by PLD on an Al₂O₃ test sensor and assessed for their responses to CO and ethanol gases at 50 ppm, where good responses were observed at 350 and 400°C, respectively. The PLD-grown ZnO nanostructures are very excellent materials for potential applications such as in dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and biological and gas sensors.     

The origin of the modulated structure in Sr2CuO3+δ (δ = 0.4): [CuO2] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy?

We propose the question of the modulated structures of copper oxide is caused by the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy or apical oxygen vacancy. Sr₂CuO_3+δ single-crystal samples were prepared using high-temperature and high-pressure methods. The major phase of Sr₂CuO_3+δ (δ = 0.4) single-crystal system is found to be constituted by the 5 a modulated structure with the Fmmm space group, which originates from the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy appearing in octahedral Cu-O. Besides, the presence of the [CuO₂] in-plane oxygen vacancy may obliterate the superconductivity of the system. Experimental results deduce that the oxygen vacancy may appear in the apical oxygen sites in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors.     

正辛醇为稀释剂条件下二元羧酸的萃取平衡特性

以二元羧酸乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、顺丁烯二酸和苹果酸为分离对象,三烷基氧膦（TRPO）为络合剂,正辛醇为稀释剂进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验.结果表明,溶质的pK_a1和羧酸的亲油性同时影响络合萃取平衡.红外光谱分析表明,萃取剂TRPO与正辛醇之间形成氢键,抑制了对羧酸的萃取,使得TRPO与有机羧酸之间形成1∶1的络合物;负载有机羧酸的红外谱图表明,TRPO萃取有机羧酸为氢键溶剂化历程,负载有机羧酸的TRPO中的P=O键吸收峰的位移与有机羧酸的酸性有关.采用质量作用定律分析方法建立了负载量的表达式,模型拟合精度令人满意.