Toward in-situ flaw detection in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing through layerwise imagery and machine learning

Process monitoring in additive manufacturing may allow components to be certified cheaply and rapidly and opens the possibility of healing defects, if detected. Here, neural networks (NNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are trained to detect flaws in layerwise images of a build, using labeled XCT data as a ground truth. Multiple images were recorded after each layer before and after recoating with various lighting conditions. Classifying networks were given a single image or multiple images of various lighting conditions for training and testing. CNNs demonstrated significantly better performance than NNs across all tasks. Furthermore, CNNs demonstrated improved generalizability, i.e., the ability to generalize to more diverse data than either the training or validation data sets. Specifically, CNNs trained on high-resolution layerwise images from one build showed minimal loss in performance when applied to data from an independent build, whereas the performance of the NNs degraded significantly. CNN accuracy was also demonstrated to be a function of flaw size, suggesting that smaller flaws may be produced by mechanisms that do not alter the surface morphology of the build plate. CNNs demonstrated accuracies of 93.5 % on large (>200 μm) flaws when testing and training on components from the same build and accuracies of 87.3 % when testing on a previously unseen build. Finally, evidence linking the formation of large lack-of-fusion defects to the presence of process ejecta is presented.     

利用“球化效应”激光扫描制备球形Ti粉的研究

利用“球化效应”，在SLS设备上探索将异形Ti粉转化为高性能球形粉末的可行途径。通过系统地改变激光功率、扫描速度，以及选取合适的激光扫描间距，探明了形成“球化效应”的工艺条件，并在激光功率为600W，扫描速度为30mm／s时，获得了较为理想的球形Ti粉。通过对球化过程进行理论分析，得出了选取激光扫描制备球形Ti粉工艺参数的准则。     

弹链粉末涂装可行性探讨

通过炮用弹链粉末静电喷涂工艺试验,验证了弹链粉末涂装的可行性。粉末涂装工艺能够提高炮用弹链的防蚀性,简化工序。     

DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECT OF Ce IN RE BEARING DUCTILE IRON

The dependence of nodularization of graphite upon Ce content in RE bearing nodular castiron,prepared by directional solidification,has been investigated by electrolyticextraction-radioisotope assay analysis of Ce in each phase of the iron together withmeasurement of nodulized graphite.Results show that the Ce occurs mainly as alloyed form.In the graphite phase,the Ce content is believed to be characterization of nodularization.Thegraphite would completely nodulized only the Ce is over a certain content in graphite phase.     

蠕铁件质量数据管理与分析系统的建立与应用

应用VisualFoxPro 6 .0和MicrosoftGraph 2 0 0 0软件 ,根据工厂实际生产 ,开发了蠕铁质量数据管理与分析系统。该系统建立了九类铸件质量数据分类管理的数据库 ,能快速、准确地进行添加、查询、修改和删除数据 ;利用柱形图等图形工具直观地显示数据统计分析的结果 ;能够快速、方便地生成各类不同格式的报表。该系统经过实际使用 ,达到了预期的目标 ,取得了良好效果。     

Ti2SiC2/Cu纳米复合材料的制备与微观组织

研究了用微米级Ti2SiC2陶瓷与Cu制备纳米复合材料的工艺过程。分别选用钢球和玛瑙球进行球磨，对Ti2SiC2颗粒的细化和在Cu中分散性的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在其它实验参数相同的情况下，用两种不同材质的磨球所获得的混合粉形态有很大差异，用玛瑙磨球可以更好地使Ti2SiC2颗粒细化并均匀分散在Cu基体中，而用钢球则易产生混合粉的团聚。另外，随着球磨时间的延长，Ti2SiC2先后经历了颗粒细化、均匀镶嵌在基体中两个阶段。对球磨后的混合粉在850℃及20MPa的压力下成功地制备了组织成分均匀的大块纳米复合材料，其力学性能与同成分的普通复合材料相比有明显提高。     

聚酯型粉末涂层附着力异常的原因分析

针对热镀锌板表面聚酯型粉末涂层附着力异常的问题,对比了涂层脱落和正常前处理的基材表面形貌、元素组成、清洁度和红外光谱,得出涂层附着力异常的原因为基材表面在喷涂前发生氧化和油污未除净,给出了相应的解决措施。     

CHARAC TERIZATION OF TiAl POWDER PRODUCED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

The microstructure,alloying reaction and sintering behavior of the powder produced by Mechanical Al-loying(MA)for 8 h from 64 wt.-% Ti powder and 36 wt.-% Al powder were studied by scanning electronmicroscopy,optical microscopy,X-ray diffractometry,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and dilatometry.The mechanically alloyed powder partictes are Ti-Al composite particles.Thus,titanium aluminides can formeasily in the powder through diffusion during heat treatment.It is shown that the sintering behavior of this pow-der,different from the behaviors of TiAl alloy powder and mixed powder of 64 wt.-% Ti powder and 36 wt.-%Al powder,changes from expansion at temperatures below 1000℃ to shrinkage at temperatures above 1000℃.Homogeneously alloyed TiAl material with a density over 96% of the theoretical density can be produced fromthe mechanically alloyed powder by compaction-sintering.     

Characterization of ultrafine La x Sr1−x MnO3 powder prepared by spray pyrolysis

The characterization of La _x Sr_1−x MnO₃ powders produced by spray pyrolysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, specific surface area (Brunauer-Emett-Teller), and particle size distribution measurements shows that the resultant large particles are loose agglomerates consisting of many small particles. However, the sintered tiny particles can form hard agglomerates, and the particle size increases remarkably. The structures of the powders before and after sintering were identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The study of the electrical property of the powder shows that the powder is a metallic conductor. In a reducing atmosphere, the powder can be decomposed. When the powder is cofired with yttria-stabilized zirconia 5% (YSZ) powder at 1200 °C for 5 h, no new phase is produced, and the powder remains a single provskite hexagonal-rhombohedral structure.