对适用、经济、美观的再本土化解读

在信息时代对适用、经济、美观的理解应该立足于全球化所需要的融合国际化和本土化的“再本土化”过程,从“再本土化”角度具体诠释了这三个原则,指出中国建筑应警惕邯郸学步的覆辙。     

天祝白牦牛被毛组织结构及超微结构

为合理开发利用天祝白牦牛被毛纤维,用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜相结合的方法,对天祝白牦牛被毛各类型纤维的组织结构和超微结构进行观察研究。结果表明:天祝白牦牛身体不同部位的绒毛与两型毛纤维组织结构和超微结构基本相似,不同部位粗毛纤维的组织结构存在一定的差异,特别是髓质层结构差异较大;不同类型纤维鳞片层结构有所差异,鳞片密度排序为粗毛两型毛绒毛,且绒毛与粗毛差异极显著(P0.01);鳞片高度和厚度的变化均为绒毛两型毛粗毛,且绒毛与粗毛间差异显著(P0.05)。     

我国兔毛产业发展的新思考

简要论述了我国兔毛产业在国民经济中的地位,以及在我国外贸出口创汇中的作用。结合国内外纺织市场的起伏变化及对兔毛市场的影响,阐述了近些年我国兔毛生产加工的发展态势。指出我国在兔毛产业发展中存在的问题,提出为保证我国兔毛产业在世界占有举足轻重的地位,在兔毛生产、加工及产品开发上应注意解决的问题,科技工作者应对保护好我国优良的兔毛原料、开展多方位开发产品等问题进行新思考,从而为我国兔毛产业发展提供参考。     

Vitamin D3 synthesis in the entire skin surface of dairy cows despite hair coverage

How hair-coated animals such as dairy cows synthesize endogenous vitamin D₃ during exposure to summer sunlight has been unclear since vitamin D₃ and its relation to sunlight was discovered. The fur of fur-bearing animals is thought to be comparable to clothing in humans, which prevents vitamin D₃ synthesis in the skin during exposure to sunlight. Different scenarios have been suggested but never tested in cows; for example, that vitamin D₃ is synthesized from sebum on the hair and ingested by cows during grooming or that body areas such as the udder and muzzle that have scant hair exclusively produce the vitamin. To test different scenarios, 16 Danish Holstein dairy cows were subjected to 4 degrees of coverage of their bodies with fabric that prevented vitamin D₃ synthesis in the covered skin areas. The treatments were horse blanket (cows fitted with horse blankets), udder cover (cows fitted with udder covers, horse blanket + udder cover (cows fitted with both horse blankets and udder covers), and natural (cows without any coverage fitted). The cows were let out to pasture daily between 1000 and 1500 h for 4 wk in July and August 2009. Blood samples were collected 15 times during the study and analyzed for content of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ [25(OH)D₃] indicative of the animals’ vitamin D₃ status. Results showed that uncovered cows had a higher 25(OH)D₃ concentration in plasma after 28 d of access to sunlight compared with covered cows and that the plasma concentration of 25(OH)D₃ was strongly inversely correlated to the body surface area covered. These results are consistent with findings in humans, wherein the vitamin D₃ status of different individuals was inversely proportional to the amount of clothing worn during exposure to artificial sunlight. Hence, it appears that human clothing and cow hair are not comparable with respect to prevention of vitamin D₃ synthesis and that cows, like humans, synthesize vitamin D₃ evenly over their body surface. That vitamin D₃ should be synthesized from sebum on the hair and obtained by cows as a result of grooming is not supported by the findings in the present study either, because large differences were found between the treatment groups. If grooming were the source of vitamin D₃, then a relatively even 25(OH)D₃ concentration between treatments would be expected, because covered cows would obtain vitamin D₃ by grooming uncovered herdmates.     

Humidity‐dependent bending recovery and relaxation of human hair

The time‐dependent bending recovery of human hair fibers was investigated for a variety of relative humidities and aging times. The data were analyzed on the basis of a viscoelastic filament/matrix model and the Denby‐equation, containing the parameter K as the ratio of the elastic bending rigidities of the matrix and the filaments and the Kohlrausch‐Williams‐Watts (KWW) function as relaxation function. The first stage of the analysis ascertained that the recovery curves shift with aging time on the time scale with the expected aging rate of μ ≈ 1. The second stage showed that the shape factor of the KWW function exhibits a mean value across the aging and humidity range of m = 0.28, which is close to the “universal” value of 1/3. On this basis, it was found that virtually no change occurs for the modulus ratio for low water contents up to about 10%, being constant at K₀= 6 .1, while linearly decreasing beyond this threshold. The reduced, characteristic relaxation time drops on the log‐time scale from logτ_r(0) = 0.47 for the dry fiber linearly with water content, covering about two thirds of a decade for 0–20% water content. With the pronounced humidity dependence of the parameters, hair shows what is termed hydro‐rheologically complex (HRC) in analogy to thermo‐rheologically complex behavior. Using the HRC approach, the dynamical mechanical performance of hair (1 Hz) was calculated for a range of water contents and aging times and found to be in good general agreement with experimental data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

城市变电站建筑美观的认识和实践

随着经济的迅速发展,城市变电站的美观问题也越来越受到重视。结合多年来的工作经验和工程实例阐述了对城市变电站建筑美观的认识与感受,强调应该坚持“适用、经济、美观”这一建筑设计的基本原则。     

防止头发褪色和头皮损伤的新型紫外线过滤剂

介绍了禾大公司新开发出的一种防止头发褪色和头皮损伤的新型紫外线过滤剂Chromaveil,并介绍了该产品在香波、护发素以及头发免洗产品中的应用。Chromaveil具有广泛的紫外线吸收光谱,吸收范围为250nm-350nm,峰值为310nm,在波长为310nm时的消光系数为38．47L／（g·cm）。由于Chromaveil的正电荷作用,在冲洗产品中能很好地沉积在头发表面。经测试证明,Chromaveil具有很好的护色效果,可对头发表面的色氨酸、抗张力强度和表皮完整性提供很好的紫外线保护作用。     

美发用品的创新

论述了洗发水、护发素以及头发定型剂等美发用品的市场发展现状,并对其市场状况进行了分析。随着消费者消费意识的增强与消费水平的提高,护发素、发油和发膜等护发型产品将有飞速增长,而且更多的是着眼于发质的保护和护理,不再是单纯的头发受损后的修复、防止头发分叉等。指出,未来洗发水产品的主要潮流是向中高档、功能性和成分天然化的方向发展。