膨胀海绵用于宫颈冷刀锥切术后止血效果的临床观察

目的比较膨胀海绵和碘仿纱条在宫颈冷刀锥切术后填塞止血的效果。方法将120例宫颈癌前病变患者按随机数字表分成2组：治疗组（65例）采用膨胀海绵进行宫颈填塞止血,对照组（55例）采用进行宫颈填塞止血;观察2组患者止血效果及不适情况。结果术后72 h阴道流血量正常的患者,治疗组多于对照组（P〈0.05）;术后阴道流血时间比较,治疗组少于对照组（P〈0.05）;术后患者重度不适发生率,治疗组少于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论膨胀海绵用于宫颈冷刀锥切术后止血效果好,填塞后舒适度好,是一种较碘仿纱条更好的填塞止血材料。     

HPLC法测定妇科止血灵胶囊芍药苷的含量

建立妇科止血灵胶囊高效液相色谱法测定芍药苷的方法。色谱柱：DiamonsilCl8（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）。流动相：乙腈-0．1％磷酸溶液（14：86）。流速：1．0mL·min-1。检测波长：230nm。柱温：35℃。进样量：10μg。芍药苷在12．6-252．0μg／mL范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0．9997。平均加样回收率为98．37％,RSD=1．34％（n=5）。所建立的方法简便准确、灵敏度高,可作为妇科止血灵胶囊的质量控制方法。     

TAPE: A Medical Adhesive Inspired by a Ubiquitous Compound in Plants

Adhesives play an important role in industrial fields such as electronics, architectures, energy plantation, and others. However, adhesives used for medical purpose are rather under‐developed compared with those used in industry and consumer products. One key property required for medical adhesives is to maintain their adhesiveness in the presence of body fluid. Here, an entirely new class of medical adhesives called TAPE is reported; this is produced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between a well‐known polyphenol compound, tannic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol). The preparation method of TAPE is extremely easy, forming a few liters at once by just the simple mixing of the two compounds without any further chemical synthetic procedures. TAPE shows a 250% increase in adhesion strength compared with fibrin glue, and the adhesion is well maintained in aqueous environments. It is demonstrated that TAPE is an effective hemostatic material and a biodegradable patch for detecting gastroesophageal reflux disease in vivo. Widespread use of TAPE is anticipated in various medical and pharmaceutical applications such as muco‐adhesives, drug depots, and others, because of its scalability, adhesion, and facile preparation.     

Procoagulant and Antimicrobial Effects of Chitosan in Wound Healing

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from chitin, has excellent wound healing properties, including intrinsic antimicrobial and hemostatic activities. This study investigated the effectiveness of chitosan dressing and compared it with that of regular gauze dressing in controlling clinically surgical bleeding wounds and profiled the community structure of the microbiota affected by these treatments. The dressings were evaluated based on biocompatibility, blood coagulation factors in rat, as well as antimicrobial and procoagulant activities, and the microbial phylogenetic profile in patients with abdominal surgical wounds. The chitosan dressing exhibited a uniformly fibrous morphology with a large surface area and good biocompatibility. Compared to regular gauze dressing, the chitosan dressing accelerated platelet aggregation, indicated by the lower ratio of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, and had outstanding blood absorption ability. Adenosine triphosphate assay results revealed that the chitosan dressing inhibited bacterial growth up to 8 d post-surgery. Moreover, 16S rRNA-based sequencing revealed that the chitosan dressing effectively protected the wound from microbial infection and promoted the growth of probiotic microbes, thereby improving skin immunity and promoting wound healing. Our findings suggest that chitosan dressing is an effective antimicrobial and procoagulant and promotes wound repair by providing a suitable environment for beneficial microbiota.     

Multifunctional Silicon–Carbon Nanohybrids Simultaneously Featuring Bright Fluorescence,High Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity

In this work, a class of multifunctional silicon–carbon nanohybrids (designated as SiCNs), which simultaneously possess aqueous dispersibility, bright fluorescence (photoluminescence quantum yield [PLQY]: ≈28%), as well as high antibacterial and wound healing activity, is presented. Taking advantage of these unique merits, cell distribution and pharmacological behavior of the SiCNs is first investigated through tracking their strong and stable fluorescence. The high bacteria inhibition ability (≈82.9% killing rate toward S. aureus) and hemostatic effects (shorten the bleeding time from ≈60 to ≈15 s) of the resultant SiCNs are then demonstrated. Moreover, the wound closure promotion activity (10% lead in wound contraction) is systematically demonstrated in vivo, which is especially suitable for wound healing applications. The results suggest the SiCNs as a new kind of high‐performance multifunctional nanoagents suitable for various biological and biomedical utilizations.     

Treatment of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: Controlling Inflammation and Obtaining Rapid and Effective Hemostasis

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening pulmonary complication in patients with hematologic malignancies or systemic autoimmune disorders. Pathologic findings show pulmonary capillaritis, bland hemorrhage, diffuse alveolar damage, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, but in the majority of cases, pathogenesis remains unclear. Despite the severity and high mortality, the current treatment options for DAH remain empirical. Systemic treatment to control inflammatory activity including high-dose corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab and supportive care have been applied, but largely unsuccessful in critical cases. Activated recombinant factor VII (FVIIa) can achieve rapid local hemostasis and has been administered either systemically or intrapulmonary for the treatment of DAH. However, there is no randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety, and the use of FVIIa for DAH remains open to debate. This review discusses the pathogenesis, diverse etiologies causing DAH, diagnosis, and treatments focusing on hemostasis using FVIIa. In addition, the risks and benefits of the off-label use of FVIIa in pediatric patients will be discussed in detail.     

Regulation of Key Antiplatelet Pathways by Bioactive Compounds with Minimal Bleeding Risk

Cardiovascular disease is strongly influenced by platelet activation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation at atherosclerotic plaque rupture sites is a dynamic process regulated by different signaling networks. Therefore, there are now focused efforts to search for novel bioactive compounds which target receptors and pathways in the platelet activation process while preserving normal hemostatic function. The antiplatelet activity of numerous fruits and vegetables and their multiple mechanisms of action have recently been highlighted. In this review, we review the antiplatelet actions of bioactive compounds via key pathways (protein disulfide isomerase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, mitochondrial function, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Akt, and shear stress-induced platelet aggregation) with no effects on bleeding time. Therefore, targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective antiplatelet strategies that do not increase the risk of bleeding.     

介孔硅基干凝胶的制备及其止血性能的研究

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶工艺合成了具有纳米介孔结构的硅基干凝胶, 并对其止血性能进行了研究. 通过X 射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)和N₂等温吸附-脱附分析, 考察了合成硅基干凝胶的相态、结构、形貌、比表面积和介孔特征. 分别采用体外部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和凝血酶原时间(PT)研究了硅基干凝胶及其加入量对内源性和外源性凝血系统的影响. 以传统止血剂云南白药为对比, 通过兔耳缘静脉止血实验评价了合成硅基干凝胶的止血性能. 结果表明: 经600℃煅烧可得到比表面积901.17m²/g、平均孔径3.255nm的非晶态硅基干凝胶; 合成的硅基干凝胶对内、外源性凝血因子活性均有明显的促进作用; 硅基干凝胶对兔耳缘静脉止血效果良好, 且比云南白药更显著.     

Tear Proteome Revealed Association of S100A Family Proteins and Mesothelin with Thrombosis in Elderly Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion

Tear samples collected from patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO; n = 28) and healthy volunteers (n = 29) were analyzed using a proteomic label-free absolute quantitative approach. A large proportion (458 proteins with a frequency > 0.6) of tear proteomes was found to be shared between the study groups. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed 29 proteins (p < 0.05) significantly differed between CRVO patients and the control group. Among them, S100A6 (log (2) FC = 1.11, p < 0.001), S100A8 (log (2) FC = 2.45, p < 0.001), S100A9 (log2 (FC) = 2.08, p < 0.001), and mesothelin ((log2 (FC) = 0.82, p < 0.001) were the most abundantly represented upregulated proteins, and β2-microglobulin was the most downregulated protein (log2 (FC) = −2.13, p < 0.001). The selected up- and downregulated proteins were gathered to customize a map of CRVO-related critical protein interactions with quantitative properties. The customized map (FDR < 0.01) revealed inflammation, impairment of retinal hemostasis, and immune response as the main set of processes associated with CRVO ischemic condition. The semantic analysis displayed the prevalence of core biological processes covering dysregulation of mitochondrial organization and utilization of improperly or topologically incorrect folded proteins as a consequence of oxidative stress, and escalating of the ischemic condition caused by the local retinal hemostasis dysregulation. The most significantly different proteins (S100A6, S100A8, S100A9, MSLN, and β2-microglobulin) were applied for the ROC analysis, and their AUC varied from 0.772 to 0.952, suggesting probable association with the CRVO.