人类活动对流域洪水过程的影响分析

流域洪水过程受降雨、流域下垫面等多种因素的综合影响,其中人类活动对流域出口洪水过程的影响在近些年越来越明显。选择第二松花江丰满水库以上为典型流域,在调查资料整理和分析的基础上,利用三水源新安江模型,结合人类活动对洪水的主要影响方式,建立了人类活动与模型参数之间的相关关系,依据参数物理意义对WM,B进行改进,并进行场次洪水模拟。通过结果对比分析可知,该方法模拟精度较高,模拟结果能合理反映人类活动对实际洪水过程的影响,可以为该流域水利工程建设与洪水预报提供参考,对其他流域洪水的研究也具有借鉴意义。     

Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Surface Runoff in the Tarim River Basin over the Last Fifty Years

The impacts of climate change and human activities on the surface runoff were analyzed by the Mann–Kendall and trend analysis methods based on the hydrological, meteorological and socioeconomic data over the last 50 years in the Tarim River basin. Results show that the runoff in the headstreams increased but that in the mainstreams decreased significantly during the past 50 years. The former is a response to climate change, and the later is due to human activities. The surface runoff in the mainstreams decreased by 41.59, 63.77 and 75.15% in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, respectively, as compared to that without being disturbed by human activities in the same period. The main human activities are the irrigated agriculture combined with population increase in the region. As a consequence, the ecosystem in the lower reaches of Tarim River has degenerated, largely owing to inappropriate allocation of water resources.     

湿法烟气脱硫技术

综述了各种湿法烟气脱硫技术的原理及特点:石灰-石灰石法、钠碱法在脱硫过程中多以一次利用为主,且易造成二次污染及设备腐蚀;氨法脱硫过程关键在于脱硫液中氨性质的稳定;醇胺法及生物脱硫法多考虑到脱硫液的再生,以减少溶液的损失,保证脱硫液的脱硫性能。指出利用微生物强化可再生溶液脱硫方法作为一种新型的脱硫方式是烟气脱硫值得发展的方向。     

八角茴香及其提取物莽草酸的研究进展

由于中国传统香料八角茴香因含有抗禽流感病毒的重要成分,使其具有了重要的药用价值,综述了国内外关于八角茴香的化学成分、药理作用方面的研究进展,以及八角茴香的重要成分莽草酸的分离提取及药理方面的内容,为进一步开发和利用八角茴香提供了参考依据.     

一款应用于脑活动探测的宽带天线系统设计

为利用微波传输法对大脑活动进行探测,提出了一款应用于大脑活动探测的宽带天线.该天线单元为微带单极子天线,由开槽矩形宽缝、三角形贴片极子和反射板构成,采用微带线馈电,直接与人体头组织介质匹配,经过仿真优化,该天线-10 dB回波损耗带宽覆盖了工作频率范围2.3~8 GHz.并仿真分析了大脑内的电磁能量传输特性及电场分布,结果显示介质匹配天线相比普通天线在头颅内具有更好的穿透能力,在大脑皮层和深部脑区仍存在较强的电场强度.最后对此宽带天线进行了加工测试,实测数据与仿真结果基本吻合.该天线单元尺寸小、结构简单、易加工,能够很好地满足微波传输法探测大脑活动技术中头部共形天线阵列的设计要求.     

苯并噁嗪羧酸酯类化合物的合成与生物活性研究

设计并合成了12个N-异吲哚-1,3-二酮取代苯并噁嗪羧酸酯类化合物,其结构经核磁共振、质谱等表征。生物活性测试结果表明部分化合物2-(6-(1,3-二氧异吲哚-2-基)-7-氟-3-氧-2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]噁嗪-4-基)羧酸酯(7)对双子叶杂草表现出芽后除草活性,如在75ga.i./hm2剂量下芽后茎叶处理时,化合物7a、7b和7c等对苘麻、藜、凹头苋等双子叶杂草均具有80%以上的除草活性。     

近四十年西江磨刀门水道河床演变分析

将西江磨刀门水道1962、1977、1999年的河道地形图数字化,建立磨刀门水道三个年份的水下数字高程模型(DEM),在此基础上将河道分为上、中、下三段进行了河床演变及其成因分析。结果表明:磨刀门水道1977年前后河道发生过明显的河道冲淤转化;1962年至1977年磨刀门水道处于淤积状态,淤积量达9.92×106 m3,河道上游向窄深发展,下游则向宽浅演变;而从1977至1999年磨刀门水道则处于冲刷状态,冲刷量为25.53×106 m3,河道平均水深增加,逐渐向窄深演变。磨刀门水道河床演变是自然环境变化和人类活动共同作用的结果,其中人类活动的影响最为强烈。     

Dietary fibre components,antioxidant activities and hydration properties of ripe persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Daebong) peel powders as affected by different washing treatments

Dietary fibre components, hydration properties and antioxidant activities such as 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and 2,2′‐azino‐bis,3‐ethyl‐benzo‐thiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of persimmon peel powders using different washing treatments (tap water at 20 °C and hot water) were investigated. Peel powder obtained from hot water‐washed peels (74.95 g per 100 g) had higher dietary fibre content than tap water‐washed (65.50 g per 100 g) and unwashed (60.99 g per 100 g) peels. The higher content of total phenolic and ascorbic acid were found in peel powder obtained from unwashed peels, whereas washed peels had more β‐carotene content. The EC₅₀ values of scavenging DPPH and ABTS radical for peel powders obtained from unwashed, tap water‐washed and hot water‐washed peels were 75.44, 142.18 and 110.17 μg mL^?1 respectively and 5.31, 5.34 and 5.39 μg mL^?1 respectively. Therefore, hot water washing is recommended to obtain better quality products from persimmon peel for use as a fibre supplement.     

中国高潜水位沉陷区采煤废弃物复垦农田的土壤特征(英文)

为了研究充填介质对中国东部高潜水位采煤塌陷区复垦土壤特征的影响,对采用煤矸石或粉煤灰作为充填介质形成的复垦土壤化学和微生物指标进行分析。结果表明,充填介质粉煤灰的存在能显著提高复垦土壤中pH值和含水率;在0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~50 cm土壤层,采用粉煤灰形成的复垦土壤MBC、MBN、MBC/TOC的比率高于采用煤矸石形成的复垦土壤;采用煤矸石作为充填介质形成的复垦土壤中,重金属As和Cr含量、土壤微生物碳氮比、呼吸熵等高于对照土壤和粉煤灰充填形成的复垦土壤;主成分分析表明,充填土壤中重金属含量、土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性能代表大部分复垦土壤特征。     

Methods for the prediction of intermediate activities by office occupants

Computer models for building usage simulation are needed that produce detailed data about activities of members of an organization for accurate building evaluation. Intermediate activities that interrupt the planned activities play an important role but are often ignored in existing simulations. A model is proposed to predict the occurrence and the frequency of intermediate activities during an office working day. Two prediction methods are presented, namely probabilistic and S-curve. The applicability of each method depends on the characteristics of the intermediate activity. Through an experiment data were collected about intermediate activity behavior in an office. From these data conclusions are drawn on the validity of the prediction methods. Finally for each intermediate activity the formulas are presented including the parameter values that are analyzed from the experiment. The formula can be used in office evaluations that require detailed input data on occupant activities.