DNA分子标记技术在遗传育种中的应用

概述了DNA分子标记的优点、类型和原理及其在动植物遗传育种上的应用。     

计算电磁学进展及其在现代电机优化设计中的应用

首先总结了近年来计算电磁学取得的重要成果,阐述了现代电机设计中的新型算法及其在电机设计中的应用,以及电机设计优化方向,并对计算电磁学未来的发展对推动电机优化设计的作用作了展望。     

儿童遗传代谢性肝病的超微病理学观察

目的:观察儿童遗传代谢性肝病的肝组织超微病理学改变特征,结合临床资料探讨电镜检查在诊断该类疾病中的作用.方法:收集2016年7月-2020年10月以肝大、肝功能不良等为主要临床表现,临床怀疑为遗传代谢性肝病的72例肝穿刺活检标本,电镜观察肝组织的超微结构改变.结果:遗传代谢性肝病患儿均有不同程度的肝大、肝酶升高等表现....     

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: An Update

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with the predominant clinical manifestation of spasticity in the lower extremities. HSP is categorised based on inheritance, the phenotypic characters, and the mode of molecular pathophysiology, with frequent degeneration in the axon of cervical and thoracic spinal cord’s lateral region, comprising the corticospinal routes. The prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 9.6 subjects per 100,000 reported around the globe. Though modern medical interventions help recognize and manage the disorder, the symptomatic measures remain below satisfaction. The present review assimilates the available data on HSP and lists down the chromosomes involved in its pathophysiology and the mutations observed in the respective genes on the chromosomes. It also sheds light on the treatment available along with the oral/intrathecal medications, physical therapies, and surgical interventions. Finally, we have discussed the related diagnostic techniques as well as the linked pharmacogenomics studies under future perspectives.     

Rare Hereditary Gynecological Cancer Syndromes

Hereditary cancer syndromes, which are characterized by onset at an early age and an increased risk of developing certain tumors, are caused by germline pathogenic variants in tumor suppressor genes and are mostly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Therefore, hereditary cancer syndromes have been used as powerful models to identify and characterize susceptibility genes associated with cancer. Furthermore, clarification of the association between genotypes and phenotypes in one disease has provided insights into the etiology of other seemingly different diseases. Molecular genetic discoveries from the study of hereditary cancer syndrome have not only changed the methods of diagnosis and management, but have also shed light on the molecular regulatory pathways that are important in the development and treatment of sporadic tumors. The main cancer susceptibility syndromes that involve gynecologic cancers include hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome as well as Lynch syndrome. However, in addition to these two hereditary cancer syndromes, there are several other hereditary syndromes associated with gynecologic cancers. In the present review, we provide an overview of the clinical features, and discuss the molecular genetics, of four rare hereditary gynecological cancer syndromes; Cowden syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, DICER1 syndrome and rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 2.     

Measurements of the diameters of the great arteries and semi-lunar valves of chick and mouse embryos

The great arteries of embryos are small channels of a complex three-dimensional arrangement. Measurements of their diameters, as required for understanding cardiovascular morphogenesis and the genesis of malformations, cannot be performed in two-dimensional histological sections. We present and evaluate a quick and simple method for performing highly significant and objective measurements of the diameters of blood vessels in vertebrate embryos and used this method for providing statistics of the diameter of the semi-lunar valves and the lumina of the great arteries of early chick and mouse foetus. We employed the high-resolution episcopic microscopy technique for generating volume data and three-dimensional computer models of the arterial trees of 30 chick embryos (Hamburger Hamilton stage 34), 30 mouse embryos of the OF1 strain harvested on 14.5 dpc, 30 embryos of the OF1 strain harvested on 15.5 dpc and 28 mouse embryos of the PARKES strain harvested on 14.5 dpc. The three-dimensional models (voxel size 2 μm × 2 μm × 2 μm and 3 μm × 3 μm × 3 μm) were used for defining virtual resection planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blood vessels at comparable positions. In these planes, we measured the lumen areas and the lumen perimeters. We also calculated the lumen diameter and the true lumen area from the perimeter and present statistical analysis. Finally, we evaluate and discuss the reliability and reproducibility of our method and present all measurements in a form that minimizes the influence of specimen size variation, specimen processing and data generation methods.     

Mathematical modeling of pressure on the strengthening vertical shaft support in “Mir” mine located in the Charsk saliferous rock series

The problem statement and the solution algorithm are presented for the case of contact between strengthening vertical shaft support and rocks. Hereditary viscoelasticity equations are used as constitutive relations for saliferous rocks. An analysis of the dynamics of the growing pressure on the support is performed versus the shaft cross-section occurrence depth, saliferous rock strength on the contact, and spacing between the rock contour and the support in the shaft. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 18–27, March–April, 2006.     

预拓扑空间中的低阶分离公理

将拓扑空间的T0,T1,Sober,T2,Urysohn分离性的性质和定理推广到预拓扑空间上.运用拓扑的方法,得到预拓扑空间的低阶分离公理的性质和定理.将拓扑空间的低阶分离公理的性质和定理推广到预拓扑空间上是成功的.     

Hereditary effect of Al-based modifiers and grain refiners on structure and properties of A356.2 alloys

The hereditary effect of Al-Ti, Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr master alloys on the structure and properties of A356.2 alloys was investigated, and comparison analysis between the master alloys used in the foundry industry and the fine-crystalline grain refiners produced by technologies of Samara State Technical University was conducted. The results show that less than 0.5% additions of FCR master alloys can promote 8%-20% in the elongation of as-cast A356.2 alloys. FCR additives are more efficient in comparison with conventional grain refiners and modifiers. Their effectiveness depends on their genetic effect of their finer structures.     

Complex Positive Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in the Liver,Kidney and Adipose Tissue of Hereditary Hypertriglyceridemic Rats: Possible Contribution of Attenuation of Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress

(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.