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71.
J. F. Toro-Vazquez Alejandro Rocha-Uribe 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(6):589-594
The adsorption of peroxides, unsaturated carbonyls, free fatty acids and carotenoids from unrefined sesame oil on vegetable
carbon (5%, w/w) in a miscella system was studied. Three different solvent conditions (hexane/ethanol, 100:0, 95:5 and 75:25,
vol/vol), combined in a factorial design with five levels of solvent (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, w/w), were used to develop the
miscella. Equilibrium adsorption was not achieved during the 100 min of adsorption, mainly because the oil components were
involved in oxidation reactions during the adsorption process. However, for a given solvent concentration, adsorption of the
oil components showed a significant linear regression on their respective initial concentration in the miscella (Ci). Peroxides and carbonyls showed, at all solvent levels investigated, an affinity for the carbon more independent of their
Ci than free fatty acids and carotenoids. In general, at the same Ci, a higher adsorption was achieved as solvent concentration increased. The results indicated that free fatty acid adsorption
may depend on competitive adsorption based on molecule hydrophobicity. However, in spite of the higher hydrophobicity of carotenoids,
compared with free fatty acids, they might not be competing for the same adsorbing sites. Ethanol showed a prooxidant effect
that increased peroxide production during adsorption but did not affect the reaction involved in carbonyl production. 相似文献
72.
Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably. 相似文献
73.
Peter?S.?Piispanen Bj?rn?Hedman Torbj?rn?NorinEmail author 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2002,5(2):165-168
The syntheses of derivatives of dehydroabietic acid suitable for further manipulation into surfactants are presented. The
compounds are produced at very high yields and purity. They contain several different functional groups, e.g., carboxylic
acid, amine, ester, alcohol, and an aromatic group. The functional groups are useful as the linking unit to the hydrophilic
part in synthesizing surfactants. 相似文献
74.
研究了以磷钨酸为催化剂,以丙烯酸与异丁醇为原料反应合成丙烯酸异丁酯.结果表明,反应时间2.5h,催化剂的用量3.0g,酸醇比1:2为最适宜的反应条件,丙烯酸的酯化率可达97.2%. 相似文献
75.
气相色谱-质谱联用法测定金属皂中的多环芳烃 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了金属皂中16种美国环保局(EPA)优先监控的多环芳烃的气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用测定方法,样品先用二甲基亚砜萃取,再用环己烷进行反萃取,经硅胶柱净化后,用GC/MS分离测定。优化了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分离测定条件,结果16种PAHs的平均回收率为75.32% ̄98.72%,精密度实验相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.19% ̄6.93%,检测限(S/N=5)为0.002 ̄0.010mg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好,完全可以满足金属皂中多环芳烃的检测要求。 相似文献
76.
采用经典酸化-乙醚萃取法制备Keggin结构的磷钨杂多酸,在前期优化实验基础上,制备规模放大20倍进行工艺研究,以考察放大效应.实验得到最佳的制备工艺条件为:钨酸钠250 g,磷酸氢二钠40 g,加酸量为160 mL,在85 ℃的温度下反应2.5 h,磷钨酸的收率达到89.3%.并运用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG-DSC)和Hammett指示剂法对最佳工艺制得的磷钨杂多酸进行了结构表征和酸性表征,结果表明制得的产品是Keggin结构且具有很强的酸性;以混合二元酸(丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸)与正丁醇的酯化反应为探针反应,酯化率为衡量标准对催化剂进行性能表征,结果表明其对酯化反应具有很好的催化活性,放大后无明显的放大效应. 相似文献
77.
氨基酸脱羧是重要的生物质资源转化途径,通过氨基酸脱羧反应能够得到胺及胺的衍生物。该文综述了氨基酸脱羧基的不同方法,包括酶脱羧、化学催化脱羧、热脱羧和光电化学脱羧方法。重点阐述了使用化学催化剂脱羧的研究进展,对均相催化剂和非均相催化剂催化脱羧的催化途径以及机理进行了详细的介绍。中国目前已经成为氨基酸的生产与消费大国,氨基酸工业在食品与饲料等领域的发展已经趋于成熟,但是对氨基酸下游产品的工业化仍然缺少配套的技术与经验。为了应对氨基酸工业核心技术的垄断问题,开发新型高效催化剂与更加高效的工艺路线的研究显得尤为重要。 相似文献
78.
79.
T. Gallina Toschi M. F. Caboni G. Penazzi G. Lercker P. Capella 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(10):1017-1020
Eight samples of cashew nut oil were assayed, and the component triacylglycerols, fatty acids and several unsaponifiable compounds
were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total lipid amount, unsaponifiable
percentage, fatty acids, sterols, triterpene alcohols and tocopherols are reported here. The combination of GC and HPLC enhanced
the resolution of compound classes. 相似文献
80.
Nasirullah K. N. Ankaiah M. N. Krishnamurthy K. V. Nagaraja 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(6):446-447
Two edible oil blends, namely groundnut oil:rice-bran oil and mustard oil:rice-bran oil, were prepared in different proportions
and stored for a period of three years. Their physicochemical characteristics were determined. The results agreed with expected
values except for free fatty acid percents and butyrorefrac-tometer readings, presumably due to rancidity. Fatty acid compositions
of the blends were determined and ratios of characteristic fatty acids, like lignoceric to palmitic for groundnut oil:rice-bran
oil blends, and erucic to palmitic for mustard oil:rice-bran oil blends, were calculated to identify individual oils in the
blend. 相似文献