Optical and microstructural investigations of porous silicon

Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) measurements on (100) oriented n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) and porous silicon (PS) samples were carried out. PS samples were prepared by anodic etching of c-Si under the illumination of light for different etching times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Raman scattering from the optical phonon in PS showed the redshift of the phonon frequency, broadening and increased asymmetry of the Raman mode on increasing the etching time. Using the phonon confinement model, the average diameter of Si nanocrystallites has been estimated as 2.9, 2.6 and 2.3 nm for 30, 60 and 90 min samples, respectively. Similar size of Si crystallites has been confirmed from the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Using 2TO phonon mode intensity, we conjectured that the disordered Si region around the pores present in 30 min PS dissolved on etching for 90 min. The photoluminescence (PL) from PS increased in intensity and blue shifted with etching time from 2.1–2.3 eV. Blue shifting of PL is consistent with quantum confinement of electron in Si nanocrystallites and their sizes are estimated as 2.4, 2.3 and 2.1 nm for 30, 60 and 90 min PS, respectively which are smaller than the Raman estimated sizes due to temperature effect. Unambiguous dominance of quantum confinement effect is reported in these PS samples.     

钒微合金化低碳钢高温变形动态再结晶

利用热模拟压缩试验测定了不同钒含量的钒微合金化低碳钢在900～1000℃温度区间和0.1～1s-1变形速率范围内的真应力-真应变曲线.对曲线的分析表明:随钢中钒含量的增加,低碳钢的动态再结晶开始时间延长,变形奥氏体的动态再结晶名义激活能提高.实验钢薄膜试样的TEM观察表明,钢中的微量钒以固溶态存在于奥氏体中,微量的固溶钒对奥氏体动态再结晶起到抑制作用.     

高价稀土氧化矿物中氯离子的测定

文中对分析测定高价稀土氧化矿物中痕量氯离子时介质条件的影响进行了探索，从中得出了分析测定的最佳条件，并利用紫外分光光度计间接测定了高价氧化镨矿物中氯离子的含量，为生产单位提供了一种简便、经济的分析检验方法。     

High‐order Higdon‐like boundary conditions for exterior transient wave problems

Recently developed non‐reflecting boundary conditions are applied for exterior time‐dependent wave problems in unbounded domains. The linear time‐dependent wave equation, with or without a dispersive term, is considered in an infinite domain. The infinite domain is truncated via an artificial boundary ??, and a high‐order non‐reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is imposed on ??. Then the problem is solved numerically in the finite domain bounded by ??. The new boundary scheme is based on a reformulation of the sequence of NRBCs proposed by Higdon. We consider here two reformulations: one that involves high‐order derivatives with a special discretization scheme, and another that does not involve any high derivatives beyond second order. The latter formulation is made possible by introducing special auxiliary variables on ??. In both formulations the new NRBCs can easily be used up to any desired order. They can be incorporated in a finite element or a finite difference scheme; in the present paper the latter is used. In contrast to previous papers using similar formulations, here the method is applied to a fully exterior two‐dimensional problem, with a rectangular boundary. Numerical examples in infinite domains are used to demonstrate the performance and advantages of the new method. In the auxiliary‐variable formulation long‐time corner instability is observed, that requires special treatment of the corners (not addressed in this paper). No such difficulties arise in the high‐derivative formulation. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fatigue life calculation by means of the cycle counting and spectral methods under multiaxial random loading

The paper contains a new algorithm for estimation of fatigue life in HCF regime under multiaxial random loading using spectral methods. Loading of Gaussian distribution and narrow‐ and broad‐band frequency spectra were assumed. Various characteristic states of multiaxial loading were considered. The equivalent stress history was determined with use of the failure criteria of multiaxial fatigue based on the critical plane. For determination of the critical plane position, the method of variance was applied. During simulation, the authors compared the results obtained by a spectral method in the frequency domain with those from the rain‐flow algorithm in the time domain. The paper also contains the results of fatigue tests for 18G2A structural steel subjected to bending and combined bending with torsion. The tests were performed in order to verify the proposed algorithms for determination of fatigue life. It has been shown that under multiaxial random loading results of fatigue life calculated according to the considered algorithms in frequency and time domains are well correlated with the results of experiments.     

双线高速线材轧机速度控制系统

通过双线高速线材轧机两种常规速度控制系统模型的分析，重点介绍了湘潭第二高速线材厂的双线速度控制系统，其与常规的速度控制系统比较。其有单／双线轧制控制模式的无扰切换、精轧机速度波动小、调整灵活和便于检修等优点。     

高压断路器断流容量校验诌议

文章分析了高压断路器断流能力的校验条件,通过对常用校验方法比较,提出了取消校验断路器断流容量的建议。     

有关梳棉机控制面板几个问题的探讨

本文就高产梳棉机特殊吸风装置中的控制板的作用机理,控制板的长度、位置、隔距等进行分析,对有关制造厂和生产厂正确制造、选择、使用控制板具有一定参考价值。     

岩质高边坡治理初探

岩质高边坡，因其缺乏生物赖以生存的环境，既使经过传统的加固措施，却因暴露于地表，受到风吹、日晒、雨淋等各种破坏性侵蚀作用，表层岩石很容易降低强度，发生剥蚀脱落，降低边坡稳定性，危及工程的安全性．针对岩质高边坡的特点，探讨了岩质高边坡的治理措施，介绍了一些新的边坡治理技术．高边坡治理既要注重稳定性，还要考虑生态环境问题，景观设计应成为边坡治理中的一部分．     

铝精炼法

对目前国际上工业化广泛采用的铝精炼法(三层液电解精炼法、偏析法)的工艺特点进行了较系统的介绍及分析比较,并对发展我国精铝工业提出了几点建议.