热法磷酸的发展趋势与研究方向

简述了工业制磷酸的生产方法和热法磷酸生产工艺的发展,分析了热法磷酸今后的发展方向,提出了热法磷酸燃烧塔结膜物的研究课题。     

Measurement of Adhesive Bond Properties Including Damage by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis of a Beam Specimen

A method to obtain mechanical properties using a bonded (double) cantilever beam (or three point bend) specimen loaded in a manner to produce pure shear in the adhesive layer is reviewed. A revised mathematical solution which allows for easier interpretation of optimum beam dimensions to the one originally developed by Moussiaux, Cardon and Brinson for the static case is presented. An extension of this solution for a fixed/fixed viscoelastic beam under steady state oscillations developed by Li, Dickie and Morman is also discussed. Previous results using a vibrating beam to determine the complex viscoelastic properties of a bonded beam are reviewed. These results demonstrate conclusively that dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) measurements discriminate differences in surface treatments and various environmental conditions. New measurements are presented that indicate the DMTA procedure can be used to quantify damage simulated by imbedded flaws in beams. The procedure is also shown to assess the effects of both humidity and corrosive environments on lap specimens. It is suggested that this technique may ultimately provide a method to quantify the amount of hidden damage in an adhesive joint subjected to fatigue, moisture or corrosive environments.     

Surface crosslinking of high‐density polyethylene beads in a modified plasma reactor

High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) beads were successfully surface‐crosslinked in a modified plasma reactor. The modified plasma reactor treats large amounts of beads, which are uniformly surface‐crosslinked. In this study, effects of the gas pressure, radio‐frequency (RF) power, and the treatment time on the degree of surface crosslinking were systematically investigated. Degree of surface crosslinking was measured by solvent extraction method (boiling xylene method, BXM). The gel content of plasma‐treated HDPE increases from 0.0 to 1.05% within 10 min at 100 mTorr, 200 W. FTIR and DSC analyses show that the crosslinked layer after plasma treatment is limited only at HDPE surface without changing the bulk thermal property of HDPE. Through the analysis of FTIR, it was confirmed that main peaks corresponding to CH₂ bands were decreased and two peaks corresponding to CF₂ and CF₃ were observed after plasma surface modification. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2921–2929, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10295     

复合材料夹层结构产品固化变形分析

本文讨论产生复合材料产品固化变形的主要原因是树脂收缩引起的各方向上不同的线膨胀系数具体分析了复合材料夹层结构的的固化变形，经技术上的改进解决了固化变形，以满足产品的设计要求。     

中国是世界拱坝大国也是世界拱坝强国——在《特高拱坝建设总结及安全运行管理研究》会议上的发言

中国拱坝数量占全世界的40%,数量最多;世界最高的三座拱坝都在中国,因此中国是世界拱坝大国。中国解决了岩溶地区拱坝防渗、狭窄河谷拱坝大流量泄洪等技术难题,发展了碾压混凝土拱坝筑坝技术。中国学者首创大坝混凝土标号分区技术,首创混凝土坝温度应力理论体系,解决了大坝裂缝这一世界性难题;建立了拱坝优化理论、混凝土坝仿真分析方法、混凝土坝有限元等效应力方法、混凝土坝数值监控方法等,在拱坝设计和科研上取得了全世界最多的重要成果,因此中国既是世界拱坝大国,又是世界拱坝强国。     

含水量对渠道保温板保温耐久性的影响及保温板厚度设计

北方渠道大多使用保温板防止混凝土衬砌受冻胀破坏。在计算保温板厚度时为了降低成本,容易忽略保温板使用过程中受各种因素的影响导致保温效果变差的情况,使混凝土衬砌达不到设计使用年限便提前被破坏。内蒙古河套灌区试验结果表明,由于受酸雨、冻融作用、含水量等因素的影响,保温板保温效果平均每年降低0.9℃,其中受含水量变化的影响最大。经试验测得:聚苯乙烯保温板(EPS)含水量每增加1%,会导致导热系数增大5%。基于多层材料串联热阻叠加原理和热阻等效原理,对保温板厚度计算公式进行完善,并提出相应的铺设方法和施工技术要求。该设计对保温板在季节性冻土区的推广应用具有一定参考价值。     

高地温条件下深埋隧洞围岩温度—应力分析及施工对策

以位于西昆仑山区的齐热哈塔尔水电站引水发电隧洞高地温洞段为例,初步分析了工程区隧洞高地温洞段大地热流背景及其形成机理,针对隧洞围岩的高地温分布特征,建立典型高地温洞段地质模型,利用有限元软件模拟隧洞施工贯通通水后的围岩岩体温度场,并由此来推断热应力对于围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明,围岩温度90℃以上、空气温度50℃以上的高地温洞段,内外温差大于10℃(里低外高),若采用无衬砌和一次支护方案对高地温洞段围岩进行支护,该洞段内大部分区域的最大主拉应力将超过C25混凝土的抗拉强度,易产生整体拉裂破坏;若采用钢筋混凝土衬砌结构方案,则可以通过增加衬砌结构的配筋量来降低其最大主应力值,此时隧洞围岩及衬砌结构均未出现整体拉裂破坏。研究成果能够为保证该高地温隧洞的安全运行提供可靠的设计依据。     

Mathematical models of the thermal decomposition of coal: 6. Effect of blend composition on coke strength

A mathematical model to predict the strength of a coke manufactured from a blend of coals is proposed. The model operates in terms of ‘bond strengths’ between the constituents. The magnitudes of these bond strengths may be determined from the strengths of cokes manufactured from the individual constituents and from a limited number of binary blends. The model has been applied to predictions of the M₁₀ index of coke strength for binary and ternary blends, and the predictions are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. In particular, the model is able to account for the behaviour of incompatible coals and bridging coals in blends.     

混凝浑液面沉速与混凝剂投加量的关系研究

探讨了黄河高浊度水混凝沉淀浑液面沉速与自然沉速之间的相关性,经过对实验数据进行线性回归提出了混凝过程中浑液面沉速与自然沉速、含沙量、PAM投加量之间的经验公式。运用该经验公式得出的浑液面沉速计算值与实测相对误差在0.43%～12.27%之间。     

气相法聚乙烯高效催化剂的进展

综述了国内外气相法聚乙烯高效催化剂研究进展概况,以及各种新型高效催化剂制备技术和性能,并对开发我国新型高效推化剂提出了看法。