岩体移动参数反分析的模糊数学方法

在采矿和岩土工程问题中,岩土移动变形及工程参数分析是该领域的重要工程研究课题.本文针对地下工程开挖而导致的岩体移动变形分析问题,根据模糊数学理论建立了模型,对工程参数确定给出了反分析方法.分析结果表明,理论结果与现场实测资料吻合较好,表明本文所建立的模糊数学模型适用于分析实际工程问题.     

Sphere mass center determination by velocity modulation

This paper presents a new technique, called velocity modulation, for measuring the mass center location of a sphere, improving upon the accuracy of previous methods by at least a factor of 4. The sphere is rolled down a set of parallel rails. The offset of the sphere’s mass center with respect to its geometric center modulates the sphere’s velocity at the rolling frequency, which is detected by a series of differential optical shadow sensors. The measured times that the sphere crosses the sensors is compared with a simplified mechanics model in order to recover the sphere’s mass center location. The precision of the technique is demonstrated by the repeatability of independent measurements in one plane of a 50.8 mm (2 in.) stainless steel gage sphere. The best standard deviation achieved is 145 nm (95% confidence interval = 227 nm).     

Applications of mass spectrometry to the study of siRNA

RNA interference (RNAi) has quickly become a well‐established laboratory tool for regulating gene expression and is currently being explored for its therapeutic potential. The design and use of double‐stranded RNA oligonucleotides as therapeutics to trigger the RNAi mechanism and a greater effort to understand the RNAi pathway itself is driving the development of analytical techniques that can characterize these oligonucleotides. Electrospray (ESI) and MALDI have been used routinely to analyze oligonucleotides and their ability to provide mass and sequence information has made them ideal for this application. Reviewed here is the work done to date on the use of ESI and MALDI for the study of RNAi oligonucleotides as well as the strategies and issues associated with siRNA analysis by mass spectrometry. While there is not a large body of literature on the specific application of mass spectrometry to RNAi, the work done in this area is a good demonstration of the range of experiments that can be conducted and the value that ESI and MALDI can provide to the RNAi field. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:979–998, 2011     

Consideration of the BDNF gene in relation to two phenotypes: Hoarding and obesity.

The gene coding for the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as an interesting candidate for multiple brain and brain disorder-related phenomena. The primary aim of the present investigation was to consider the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met variant and two phenotypes: compulsive hoarding as a symptom dimension of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and body mass index (BMI). We examined the BDNF gene in a large (N = 301) clinical sample of probands with OCD. Participants were classified as hoarding or nonhoarding using a strict, multimeasure grouping approach. Results revealed that the Val/Val genotype was linked with hoarding classification and more severe hoarding behaviors, as well as greater BMI levels. Hoarding status was also associated with greater BMI scores, with individuals in the hoarding group being far more likely to be classified as obese compared with the nonhoarding group. Our findings may provide a distinct avenue through which hoarding and BMI could be linked. These findings are suggestive of a complex gene, body weight, and psychopathology relationship wherein a primitive, survival “thrifty gene” strategy may be conserved and represented in a subgroup of humans manifesting severe hoarding symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of smoke application to field‐grown Merlot grapevines at key phenological growth stages on wine sensory and chemical properties

Background and Aims: Smoke exposure of grapevines and development of smoke taint in wine are issues of increasing incidence and severity. There is limited understanding of the effect of phenological stage at the time of smoke exposure on taint development. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the variation in smoke uptake and taint development between and within seasons. Methods and Results: Smoke was applied to field‐grown Merlot grapevines at 12 stages of vine development over three growing seasons. Key periods of vine sensitivity to smoke taint in wine were (i) from shoots at 10 cm to full bloom (low levels of smoke taint); (ii) from berries at pea size to the onset of veraison (variable levels of smoke taint); and (iii) between 7 days post‐veraison and harvest (high levels of smoke taint). Conclusions: The severity of taint in wine varied depending on the phenological timing of grapevine smoke exposure. Taint was elevated when exposure occurred between 7 days post‐veraison and harvest. The carry‐over of smoke constituents the following season was not detectable in wine but yields were reduced. Significance of the Study: This is the first study to demonstrate the timing of smoke exposure to critically affect wine chemical and sensory characters. These effects were consistent and reproducible over three seasons.     

Investigating the chlorination of acidic pharmaceuticals and by-product formation aided by an experimental design methodology

The degradation of seven acidic drugs and two metabolites during chlorination was investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A triple-quadrupole (QqQ) system was used to follow the time course of the pharmaceuticals and by-products, while a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) system was also used for the identification of the by-products. Under strong chlorination conditions (10 mg/L Cl₂, 24 h), only four of the target compounds were significantly degraded: salicylic acid, naproxen, diclofenac and indomethacine. The degradation kinetics of these four compounds were investigated at different concentrations of chlorine, bromide and pH by means of a Box-Behnken experimental design. Depending on these factors, measured pseudo-first order half-lives were in the ranges: 23-573 h for salicylic acid, 13-446 min for naproxen, 5-328 min for diclofenac and 0.4-13.4 min for indomethacine. Also, it was observed that chlorine concentration was the overall most significant factor, followed by the bromide concentration (except for indomethacine), resulting in increased degradation kinetics as they are increased. The degradation path of salicylic acid, naproxen and diclofenac consisted of aromatic substitution of one or two hydrogens by chlorine and/or bromide. Moreover, for diclofenac, two other by-products corresponding to a decarboxylation/hydroxylation pathway from the monohalogenated products were also identified. On the other hand, indomethacine degradation did not lead to halogenation products but to oxidation ones. The investigation of these by-products in real samples by LC-MS/MS (QqQ) showed that the halogenated derivates of salicylic acid occurred in all the drinking water and wastewater samples analysed.     

基于FPGA的超高分辨率监视器设计与实现

为满足工业、农业、交通等领域对输出大尺寸图像的高分辨率要求,立足于现有电子产品,采用拼接、分部显示等技术,设计出能够满足上述需求的监视器。阐述了监视器设计过程、硬件结构和逻辑结构,消除了近距离观看时的锯齿感,提高放大后画面的显示效果。     

USB Mass Storage类设备的设计与实现

针对嵌入式系统与PC主机大量数据传输的需要,使用SD卡做为存储介质设计实现USB Mass Storage类设备。主机和存储设备之间的通讯严格按照USB20协议和USB Mass Storage类存储协议,该类存储设备构架于USB2．0协议之上,将存储命令嵌于USB协议之中。采用MAX3421作为USB外设控制器,MCF52233作为主控制器,通过SPI接口实现两者的通讯。试验结果表明,当MCF52233主频为60MHZ时,存储速度可以达到1．87Mbyte／s,满足了设备与主机数据交换速度的要求。     

红外光谱法对聚烯烃中抗氧剂1010的定性、定量研究

本文介绍了用红外光谱法定性、定量测定聚乙烯、聚丙烯中抗氧剂1010的情况。分析了抗氧剂1010和PE、PP粉料的FTIR图,确定了抗氧剂1010在聚烯烃中的特征吸收峰(1746cm-1),详细分析了用抗氧剂1010分别与定量的PE、PP所制样品对所测谱图和所制曲线的影响。根据抗氧剂1010的标准曲线可知,抗氧剂1010的含量与其特征峰的吸收强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数达0．98以上,回收率最低为90．0％。该研究可以对聚乙烯、聚丙烯中的抗氧剂1010进行定性及定量,对分析抗氧剂在聚烯烃中的影响和改性有着重要的实际意义。     

鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中对生成肉味化合物的贡献研究

以鸡肉肽为基础,本实验构建了8组反应体系对鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中生成肉味化合物的贡献进行了研究。结果发现,鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中主要贡献呈坚果香、烤香的吡嗪类物质(增加量14744.1μg/L),进一步贡献体系的肉味。另外,对添加了游离氨基酸Cys的肽美拉德反应体系的研究发现,鸡肉肽可以大幅度促进Cys-木糖体系中含硫气味活性化合物如噻吩类和呋喃硫醇类物质的生成。而鸡肉肽-Leu-木糖体系中吡嗪的生成量大于Leu-糖与肽-糖体系两者之和,进一步说明添加Leu对鸡肉肽-木糖体系中吡嗪的生成具有促进作用。最后,构建不同p H值体系进行反应,结果发现,较低p H值(5.0)对鸡肉肽参与美拉德反应吡嗪的生成具有抑制作用。结合不挥发物的定量分析最终得出,主要分布在200-500u的鸡肉肽在美拉德反应中在较高p H下对食品肉味的形成具有重要的贡献。