液相芯片技术在食品安全领域的研究进展

液相芯片技术(liquid chip technology)又称为灵活的多组分析(flexible multi-analyte profiling,x MAP)技术,是利用偶联特异性探针的荧光编码微球捕获待测核酸或蛋白后,逐一、快速地通过流式细胞仪双色激光探测区,进行定性或定量检测。我国将液相芯片技术应用在食品安全领域仍处于起步阶段,主要集中在食源性致病菌、转基因食品和农兽药残留等食品安全检测方面。液相芯片技术同时检测多种待测分子,具有高通量、快速、准确、所需样品量少、检测范围宽、可自由组合检测项目等优点。本文检索了国内外的文献,简要概述液相芯片技术的发展历史和基本原理,并介绍该技术及其商品化试剂盒在食品安全和其他领域上的研究应用,最后对液相芯片技术的发展前景做出展望。     

简化二维气相色谱法分析蔬菜中农药多种残留

本试验研究建立了简化二维气相色谱法测定蔬菜中5种农药（β-六六六、P,P-DDE、乙草胺、氟乐灵、毒死蜱）残留的提取、净化和简化二维气相色谱分析条件。蔬菜样品粉碎后加入无水硫酸钠研磨至无水分，加入50ml重蒸石油醚：丙酮（9：1）超声提取后经固相萃取净化处理后上机检测。5种农药标准曲线的相关系数（r）为0．9952-0.9991，在0．010-0．050mg／L浓度范围内，回收率为81．5％-91．8％，变异系数为5．7％～11．2％，检测限为0.010-0．055mg／L。     

果蔬中农药残留分析检测技术的发展

研究了果蔬中农药残留分析检测技术的发展以及应用现状,探讨了我国果蔬生产加工中存在的问题。     

拉曼光谱技术在农畜产品品质安全检测中的进展

本文综述了拉曼光谱技术应用于农畜产品品质安全检测的研究进展,从原理及分类出发,以各个技术方向为框架介绍拉曼光谱技术在农畜产品各个方面的进展,并分析实际问题,提出发展趋势。作为无损检测技术的重要支撑技术,拉曼光谱检测技术已经被开发应用于农畜产品品质安全检测的各个方面。激光拉曼光谱技术的成熟推动了拉曼光谱检测技术蓬勃发展,傅立叶拉曼光谱技术、显微拉曼光谱技术、共振拉曼光谱技术和表面增强拉曼光谱技术在农畜产品品质安全检测方面均具有巨大的潜力。     

洗涤方法对有机磷农药残留的影响

目的 比较不同洗涤方法对果蔬表面有机磷农药去除效果的影响。方法 利用可食用的无毒物质洗米水、面粉水、小苏打和食用碱4种洗涤溶液, 对残留有机磷类农药(以氧化乐果为例)的蔬菜样品(白菜)进行清洗, 经萃取、浓缩后, 用磷钼蓝比色法进行测定。结果 面粉水的清洗效果最好, 通过对面粉水清洗效果进行单因素实验和正交实验, 得出最佳清洗效果条件为面粉水浓度为3.5 g /500 mL、浸泡时间为17 min、浸泡温度为32 ℃, 农药去除率达到83%。氧化乐果在为0.8~32.0 μg/mL范围内线性范围良好, 线性方程为Y =0.011X?0.005, 相关系数为0.9955, 检出限为0.8 μg/mL。结论 用面粉水对果蔬进行清洗, 能够有效减少农药残留, 此法简单、便捷、价廉, 适合在日常生活中使用。     

Pesticide residue monitoring in Korean agricultural products, 2003–05

Between 2003 and 2005, a total of 11,716 samples were collected and analysed to determine the level of pesticides residues. Multi-residue methods (MRMs) capable of simultaneously determining 250 pesticides were used. Of the 11,716 samples, 89.1% had no detectable residues and 1.7% had violative residues. The detection rates by commodity group were 11.4, 8.6, 0.3, and 0.02% for vegetables, fruit, grain, mushrooms, and the others, respectively. Agricultural products with pesticide residues were pepper, Perilla frutescens, leafy lettuce and spinach in decreasing order. Of the 250 pesticides that were monitored, 70 pesticides were actually found. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, metalaxyl, and diethofencarb were frequently detected. Of the samples, parsley, Petasites hybridus, Aster scaber and leek had high violative rates of 23.1, 12.6, 8.2, and 7.9%, respectively. From violative samples, procymidone, endosulfan, metalaxyl, diazinon and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected. The violation rates were 1.71, 1.68, and 1.76% in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the detection rates were 8.5, 12.0, and 13.3% in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively.     

2018年欧盟食品中农药残留情况分析及启示

欧盟向来十分重视食品安全, 在农药残留监管方面, 建立了健全的农药残留监管体系。 本文从欧盟农药残留法规标准、监管部门及分工和欧盟农药残留控制计划3方面介绍了欧盟农药残留监管体系, 从欧盟协调控制计划和国家控制计划两部分分析了2018年欧盟食品中农药残留情况, 涉及样品来源、产品、农药、食品中草甘膦、进口食品、婴幼儿食品、有机食品和动物源性食品等。本文也指出了农药残留产生的原因和风险评估结果, 提出风险管理建议, 并借鉴其监管思路, 提出对我国农药残留监管的几点建议, 为食品安全监管决策提供参考。     

无溶剂萃取技术在食品中农药残留分析的研究进展

无溶剂萃取技术是一种先进的样品制备与前处理技术,常用的有气相萃取、超临界流体萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等方法。本文综述了无溶剂萃取技术的基本原理及在食品中农药残留的研究应用进展。     

Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to pesticide residues: results of the first Hong Kong total diet study

The use of pesticides and other chemicals has become a common practice in modern agriculture to enhance and stabilise crop yield, protect the nutritional integrity of food, facilitate food storage to assure year-round supplies, and provide attractive and appealing food products. With the adoption of strict good agricultural practice (GAP), only minimal amounts of pesticide residues should remain on the crops or in connected foods of animal origin up the food chain. To assess their associated health risk to local people, the dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to residues of four groups of pesticides or their metabolites – organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), carbamates, pyrethrins and pyrethroids, and dithiocarbamate (DTC) metabolites – is estimated in the first Hong Kong Total Diet Study (TDS). A total of 150 commonly consumed food items were collected and prepared “as consumed”. A total of 600 composite food samples were analysed for 85 pesticides or their metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These pesticides were primarily found at low levels (highest mean = 350 μg kg^?1) in food samples of plant origin such as vegetables and fruits. Dietary exposures to pesticide residues were estimated based on the analytical results and the food consumption data of the local residents. The estimated dietary exposures of Hong Kong adults to all individual pesticides were well below their respective acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). The percentage contributions of the estimated mean and 95th percentile dietary exposures to the ADIs of individual pesticides were <6% and <24% for the OPPs, <1% for the carbamates and pyrethrins and pyrethroids, and <1% and <4% for the DTC metabolites, respectively. The findings indicate that dietary exposures to all the pesticide residues analysed in this study were unlikely to pose unacceptable health risks to the Hong Kong population.     

气相色谱串接质谱测定食醋中多组分农药残留含量的方法研究

该研究建立了食醋中多组分农药残留的气相色谱串接质谱（GC-MS/MS）检测法,并成功运用于市售食醋中农药残留的定量 检测。食醋先用氨水中和至中性,再用甲苯/环己烷的混合溶液提取,经石墨化炭黑（GCB）和N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）净化,有机相膜过滤后 进样。样品经DB-5MS柱分离后采用多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测,外标法定量。目标化合物在一定质量浓度范围内（7.81～125 μg/L） 线性关系良好,相关系数R2均＞0.99。方法的定量限（LOQ）和检出限（LOD）分别为10.0μg/L、5.00μg/L,平均回收率为78.5%～112.0%,相对标准偏差（RSDs）为5.90%～11.40%。该方法简便、快速、准确,已成功应用于市售食醋中农药残留的检测。