材料力学性能对液力胀接过程的影响分析

为寻求装配式空心凸轮轴结构设计和材料选择的理论依据,应用弹塑性力学分析了弹性模量和流动应力对液力胀接的影响.将内外管的变形过程简化为平面应变问题,根据典型点应力-应变曲线分析了液力胀接过程,并给出了不同材质套管的连接条件.研究结果表明:影响液力胀接的主要因素是内外管弹性模量和流动应力,这两个材料参数决定胀后内外管弹性回复量的大小;实现液力胀接内外管应满足的条件是:内外管弹性模量的比值大于内外管流动应力的比值.     

厚壁方矩形管冷弯效应对比分析

为了对厚壁型钢管的冷弯工艺改进、性能分析、结构强度设计和数值模拟结果的验证提供重要依据,进行了冷弯厚壁钢管上截取的平板件、弯角件、母材和相应方、矩形截面短柱的力学性能试验研究,获得了短柱全截面屈服强度相对于母材强度的提高值。分别运用北美等国厚壁冷弯型钢规范、国内薄壁冷弯型钢规范以及相关文献中的修正规范,对我国厚壁冷弯方矩形型钢管全截面强度进行设计和对比分析。结果表明:因冷弯工艺不同,国外公式计算的结果高于国内短柱实测值,国内厚壁冷弯型钢的强度设计不能照搬现有的国外厚壁冷弯型钢设计规范;国内薄壁公式能否适用要视型钢的冷作硬化效应程度决定;原料的强屈比和冷弯应变程度越大,则冷作硬化效应越大;焊接热使板件受到低温"退火"的作用不可忽略,其常常导致竖直配辊冷弯厚壁矩形型钢时,两竖直侧平板件强度低于母材。     

聚甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯中空纤维复合纳滤膜的制备与性能表征

以聚甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(PDM)作为交联预聚物,利用双苄基试剂在聚砜中空纤维超滤膜表面进行季铵化反应(界面聚合),制得荷正电复合中空纤维复合纳滤膜.研究了PDM浓度、外加碱、溶剂、交联剂和交联温度等制备条件的影响.所制备的中空纤维纳滤膜对2g/L MgSO4的截留率≥98%,通量19.5L/(m2·h),界面聚合时间为3.5h.     

铝合金空心型材挤压焊合问题的研究进展

从挤压焊缝的形成、固态焊合机理、焊合质量与工模具设计的关系、焊合质量判据等方面综述了国内外铝合金空心型材挤压焊合问题的研究现状.     

Cactus‐Like Hollow Cu2‐xS@Ru Nanoplates as Excellent and Robust Electrocatalysts for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

The development of Pt‐free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) recently is a focus of great interest. While several strategies are developed to control the structural properties of non‐Pt catalysts and boost their electrocatalytic activities for the HER, the generation of highly reactive defects or interfaces by combining a metal with other metals, or with metal oxides/sulfides, can lead to notably enhanced catalytic performance. Herein, the preparation of cactus‐like hollow Cu_2‐x S@Ru nanoplates (NPs) that contain metal/metal sulfide heterojunctions and show excellent catalytic activity and durability for the HER in alkaline media is reported. The initial formation of Ru islands on presynthesized Cu_1.94S NPs, via cation exchange between three Cu⁺ ions and one Ru³⁺, induces the growth of the Ru phase, which is concomitant with the dissolution of the Cu_1.94S nanotemplate, culminating in the formation of a hollow nanostructure with numerous thin Ru pillars. Hollow Cu_2‐x S@Ru NPs exhibit a small overpotential of 82 mV at a current density of ?10 mA cm^?2 and a low Tafel slope of 48 mV dec^?1 under alkaline conditions; this catalyst is among state‐of‐the‐art HER electrocatalysts in alkaline media. The excellent performance of hollow Cu_2‐x S@Ru NPs originates from the facile dissociation of water in the Volmer step.     

One step synthesis process for fabricating NiFe2O4 nanoparticle loaded porous carbon spheres by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

In the present work, the porous hollow carbon spheres loaded with NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles have been successfully prepared via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique at 700?°C and the associated formation mechanism has been studied. The as-prepared NiFe₂O₄/carbon microspheres with the diameter of about 3–5?µm and the specific surface area of 236.6889?m²?g^?1 exhibit good monodispersity and an abundance of mesopores of about 40?nm size. Notably, the 20?nm NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles are encapsulated by carbon microspheres and disperse homogeneously inside the carbon matrix. We could tune the relative content of ferrite and carbon sphere via adjusting the composition of the solution used for synthesis and the carbonization temperature. Consequently, some interesting properties can be obtained by combining the magnetic NiFe₂O₄ nano powder and the electrically conductive porous carbon, which renders the resulting composite suitable for promising applications in electromagnetic wave absorption, treatment of polluted water, catalyst design, energy storage, batteries and so on.     

Collaborative Design of Hollow Nanocubes,In Situ Cross‐Linked Binder,and Amorphous Void@SiOx@C as a Three‐Pronged Strategy for Ultrastable Lithium Storage

Although silicon‐based materials are ideal candidate anodes for high energy density lithium‐ion batteries, the large volumetric expansion seriously damages the integrity of the electrodes and impedes commercial processes. Reasonable electrode design based on adjustable structures of silicon and strong binders prepared by a facile method is still a great challenge. Herein, a three‐pronged collaborative strategy via hollow nanocubes, amorphous Void@SiO_x@C, and in situ cross‐linked polyacrylic acid and d ‐sorbitol 3D network binder (c‐PAA‐DS) is adopted to maintain structural/electrode integrality and stability. The all‐integrated c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiO_x@C electrode delivers excellent mechanical property, which is attributed to ductility of the c‐PAA‐DS binder and high adhesion energy between Void@SiO_x@C and c‐PAA‐DS calculated by density functional theory. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of accommodation of the hollow structure, protection of outer carbon shell, amorphous Void@SiO_x@C, and strong adhesive c‐PAA‐DS binder, c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiO_x@C shows excellent electrochemical performance. Long cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 696 mAh g^?1 is obtained, as well as tiny capacity decay after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g^?1 and high‐rate performance. The prelithiated Void@SiO_x@C||LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) full cell is also assembled and shows a reversible capacity of 157 mAh g^?1 at 0.5 C, delivering an excellent capacity retention of 94% after 160 cycles.     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维微滤膜的化学清洗研究

对处理发酵液的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜的有机污染物进行化学清洗试验,实验中,由电镜与红外定性分析了污染物成分,确定了高锰酸钾的使用条件,比较了加酸前后及还原前后的清洗效果,并对清洗后的中空纤维膜进行一系列的力学性能测试.     

中空纤维膜接触器用于柠檬酸盐溶液吸收模拟烟气中SO2的研究

采用中空纤维膜接触器对柠檬酸盐溶液吸收模拟烟气中SO2的行为进行了研究.考察了柠檬酸盐溶液浓度、溶液pH值对膜吸收效果的影响,对比了不同中空纤维膜材料的吸收效果,考察了吸收液中硫酸根的生成情况.研究结果表明:增大柠檬酸盐浓度有利于提高SO2的吸收速率和容量;吸收液pH值越高,吸收效果越好;疏水性中空纤维膜吸收效果优于亲水性膜;吸收液中硫酸根离子浓度随时间基本呈线性增加,增加的速率约为0.192 g/(L.h).