重氮盐水解制酚反应器的分析研究

结合重氮盐水解制酚反应机理及动力学,从化学反应工程的角度出发,对现有重氮盐水解制酚的反应器进行了简单阐述,讨论了现有水解反应器的优点及其局限性,并对其今后研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

芳基磷酸酯酸性问题探讨

概述了芳基磷酸酯的发展及酸性产生原因,为生产提供了一定的理论基础.     

木素纤维素吸水材料初探EI

木素纤维素与丙烯腈接枝共聚物经碱溶液水解,可得到具有一定吸水性能的木素纤维素吸水材料。经研究发现该材料的吸水性能与接枝量和水解条件有关。随接枝量的提高,吸水率增加,到一定程度后趋于稳定。在碱性条件下,接枝共聚物中的氰基很快水解成羧酸盐和酰胺基,使接枝物具有一定的吸水性,随水解条件不同,水解产物结构不同,吸水率也不一样,在适当水解条件下可得到能吸收自重60～70倍水的木素纤维素聚合物。     

聚酰胺超细纤维合成革基布的酶法改性研究

利用1398蛋白酶对聚酰胺超细纤维合成革基布进行水解,对基布的手感、透水汽性、染色性能和物理机械性能进行了测试,分析了纤维束的微观结构。研究结果表明:利用1398蛋白酶对聚酰胺超细纤维合成革基布表面进行水解,在适当的水解条件下,可以更好地分散纤维束,增加聚酰胺超细纤维表面的亲水基团,从而提高了超细纤维合成革基布的手感、透水汽性、染色性能和物理机械性能。     

水解/氧化沟工艺处理麦草制浆中段废水

新乡新亚集团股份有限公司采用水解/氧化沟工艺处理麦草制浆造纸中段废水(设计规模为25000m3/d),出水达到了国家标准.     

大豆异黄酮糖苷水解研究进展

该文在介绍大豆异黄酮的组成、化学结构、特性及生理功能基础上,详细介绍水解法制备大豆异黄酮苷元原理、工艺流程、大豆异黄酮苷元分离纯化及检测方法。     

Performance of the hydrolyzation film bed and biological aerated filter (HFB–BAF) combined system for the treatment of low‐concentration domestic sewage in south China

The performance of the hydrolyzation film bed and biological aerated filter (HFB–BAF) combined system in pilot scale (with a daily treatment quantity of 600–1300 m³ d^?1), operated for 234 days, for low‐strength domestic sewage was assessed using different amounts of aeration, reflux ratios and hydraulic loading rates (HLR). In steady state it was found that the average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand at 5 days (BOD₅) were 82.0% and 82.2% and the average effluent concentrations were 15.8 mg L^?1 and 9.4 mg L^?1 respectively as the HFB was running at an HLR of 1.25–1.77 m³ m^?2 h^?1 and the BAF was running at an HLR of 1.56–2.21 m³ m^?2 h^?1. In general, the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) fluctuated with the HLR, gas–water ratio and reflux ratio, so the ratio of gas to water should be controlled from 2:1 to 3:1 and the reflux ratio should be as high as possible. The effluent concentration of TN was 10.4 mg L^?1 and the TN removal averaged 34.3% when the gas–water ratio was greater than 3:1 and the reflux ratio was 0.5. The effluent concentration and removal efficiency of NH₄⁺‐N averaged respectively 2.3 mg L^?1 and 78.5%. The overall reduction of total phosphorus (TP) was 30% and the average effluent concentration was 0.95 mg L^?1. The removal efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) reached 83.8% and the average effluent concentration was almost 0.9 mg L^?1. The effluent concentration and removal efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were 0.0654 µ g L^?1 and 37.05% respectively when the influent concentration was 0.1039 µ g L^?1. The excess sludge containing water (volume 15 m³) was discharged once every 3 months. The power consumption of aeration was 0.06–0.09 kWh of sewage treated. The results show that the HFB–BAF combined technology is suitable for the treatment of low‐concentration municipal sewage in south China. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

表面改性硅溶胶粒子增强聚甲基硅树脂薄膜材料

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）水解聚合产物作为主要成膜物质,经甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（MEMO）表面改性的正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）水解产物硅胶作为无机增强物,利用两者羟基之间的共缩聚反应在聚碳酸酯（PC）板表面制备有机/无机复合透明耐磨薄膜;采用TG/DTA、FTIR、UV-vis、金相显微镜及SEM等测试手段对不同含量MEMO改性硅胶对薄膜结构及性能的影响进行表征.研究结果表明,MTMS和TEOS的水解聚合产物通过共缩聚反应在PC板表面形成带有机基团的无机交联网络结构,基本骨架由Si—O—Si组成;在150～250℃之间,MEMO所带的C=C会发生热引发自由基聚合反应;随MEMO含量的增加,薄膜的柔韧性提高;薄膜对PC板有一定的增透作用,MEMO含量的改变对其增透性能影响不大;薄膜能显著提高PC板的硬度,随着MEMO含量的增加,能制备厚膜而不易开裂.     

3-硝基-4-羟基苯甲酸的制备研究

以3-硝基-4-氯苯甲酸为原料,经水解反应得到产品,最佳水解条件为：氢氧化钠/3-硝基-4-氯苯甲酸摩尔比为4.5,碱液质量分数为15％,水解温度为95℃,反应时间为10 h.在最佳水解条件基础上,考察了碱液的循环利用,提高了氢氧化钠的利用率.总收率大于91％,纯度大于99％ （HPLC）,经FTIR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS分析,证实产品为3-硝基-4-羟基苯甲酸.