全文获取类型
收费全文 | 71786篇 |
免费 | 6705篇 |
国内免费 | 3848篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 5537篇 |
综合类 | 5596篇 |
化学工业 | 11802篇 |
金属工艺 | 7640篇 |
机械仪表 | 4160篇 |
建筑科学 | 6183篇 |
矿业工程 | 1830篇 |
能源动力 | 5059篇 |
轻工业 | 4553篇 |
水利工程 | 1671篇 |
石油天然气 | 3592篇 |
武器工业 | 920篇 |
无线电 | 5953篇 |
一般工业技术 | 7946篇 |
冶金工业 | 5107篇 |
原子能技术 | 1333篇 |
自动化技术 | 3457篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 304篇 |
2023年 | 1022篇 |
2022年 | 1945篇 |
2021年 | 2297篇 |
2020年 | 2451篇 |
2019年 | 1983篇 |
2018年 | 1865篇 |
2017年 | 2505篇 |
2016年 | 2619篇 |
2015年 | 2716篇 |
2014年 | 4246篇 |
2013年 | 4404篇 |
2012年 | 5232篇 |
2011年 | 5688篇 |
2010年 | 3975篇 |
2009年 | 4147篇 |
2008年 | 3654篇 |
2007年 | 4702篇 |
2006年 | 4357篇 |
2005年 | 3539篇 |
2004年 | 3120篇 |
2003年 | 2660篇 |
2002年 | 2198篇 |
2001年 | 1952篇 |
2000年 | 1606篇 |
1999年 | 1263篇 |
1998年 | 1018篇 |
1997年 | 902篇 |
1996年 | 790篇 |
1995年 | 603篇 |
1994年 | 536篇 |
1993年 | 375篇 |
1992年 | 365篇 |
1991年 | 309篇 |
1990年 | 239篇 |
1989年 | 156篇 |
1988年 | 133篇 |
1987年 | 76篇 |
1986年 | 79篇 |
1985年 | 65篇 |
1984年 | 59篇 |
1983年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 17篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 13篇 |
1951年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
31.
Physical Stability of Octenyl Succinate–Modified Polysaccharides and Whey Proteins for Potential Use as Bioactive Carriers in Food Systems
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of food science》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The high cost and potential toxicity of biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic)acid (PLGA) has increased the interest in natural and modified biopolymers as bioactive carriers. This study characterized the physical stability (water sorption and state transition behavior) of selected starch and proteins: octenyl succinate–modified depolymerized waxy corn starch (DWxCn), waxy rice starch (DWxRc), phytoglycogen, whey protein concentrate (80%, WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and α‐lactalbumin (α‐L) to determine their potential as carriers of bioactive compounds under different environmental conditions. After enzyme modification and particle size characterization, glass transition temperature and moisture isotherms were used to characterize the systems. DWxCn and DWxRc had increased water sorption compared to native starch. The level of octenyl succinate anhydrate (OSA) modification (3% and 7%) did not reduce the water sorption of the DWxCn and phytoglycogen samples. The Guggenheim–Andersen–de Boer model indicated that native waxy corn had significantly (P < 0.05) higher water monolayer capacity followed by 3%‐OSA‐modified DWxCn, WPI, 3%‐OSA‐modified DWxRc, α‐L, and native phytoglycogen. WPC had significantly lower water monolayer capacity. All Tg values matched with the solid‐like appearance of the biopolymers. Native polysaccharides and whey proteins had higher glass transition temperature (Tg) values. On the other hand, depolymerized waxy starches at 7%‐OSA modification had a “melted” appearance when exposed to environments with high relative humidity (above 70%) after 10 days at 23 °C. The use of depolymerized and OSA‐modified polysaccharides blended with proteins created more stable blends of biopolymers. Hence, this biopolymer would be suitable for materials exposed to high humidity environments in food applications. 相似文献
32.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2020,40(12):3824-3828
Reactive hot pressing was utilized to synthesize and densify four ZrB2 ceramics with impurity contents low enough to avoid obscuring the effects of dopants on thermal properties. Nominally pure ZrB2 had a thermal conductivity of 141 ± 3 W/m K at 25 °C. Additions of 3 at% of Ti, Y, or Hf decreased the thermal conductivity by 20 %, 30 %, and 40 %, respectively. The thermal conductivity of (Zr,Hf)B2 was similar to ZrB2 synthesized from commercial powders containing the natural abundance of Hf as an impurity. This is the first study to demonstrate that Ti and Y additions decrease the thermal conductivity of ZrB2 ceramics and report intrinsic values for thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of ZrB2 containing transition metal additions. Previous studies were unable to detect these effects because the natural abundance of Hf present masked the effects of these additions. 相似文献
33.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina expressing heterologous the Δ17‐desaturase gene under ordinary temperature
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
34.
Lokesh Kulhari Kanad Ray Ankit Paptan Nikhil Suri Pramod K Khanna 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(3):1430-1439
Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) micro-hotplates show wide applications in gas sensors and micro-fluidic devices. It is easily structured in three-dimensional structures. This paper presents the low power consumption micro-hotplates which were developed with PTC (positive temperature coefficient) temperature sensor and inter-digitated electrodes. The paper presents two different structures for micro-hotplate with platinum as a heating element. The PTC temperature sensor using two different materials viz. PdAg and platinum paste are developed with micro-hotplates. The simulation has been achieved through COMSOL for LTCC and alumina micro-hotplates. The temperature variation with power consumption has been measured for the developed LTCC micro-hotplates. The change in resistance of PTC temperature sensors was measured with micro-hotplate temperature. The aim of this study was to place a temperature sensor with the gas sensor module to measure and control the temperature of micro-hotplate. A SnO2 sensing layer is coated on LTCC micro-hotplate using screen printing and characterized for the sensing of carbon monoxide gas (CO). This study will be beneficial for designing hotplates based on LTCC technology with low power consumption and better stability of temperature for gas-sensing applications. 相似文献
35.
Antonio Camarano Javier Narciso Donatella Giuranno 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2019,39(14):3959-3970
Reactivity between SiC and Ir as a function of SiC-crystallinity was investigated by diffusion bonding technique under a vacuum and over the temperature range of 1200–1450 °C. As reaction products, various Ir-silicides and free unreacted-C were detected. Reactivity is strongly affected by the temperature and SiC-crystallinity involving a series of interactions, from “no reaction” to “massive exothermic reactions”. In particular, interfacial phenomena are more pronounced by the presence of defects and grain boundaries.Solid state reactions result in formation of fine C-precipitates rearranged in a quasi-periodic microstructure. On the contrary, clustering of highly ordered C-precipitates (C-graphitized) occurs after “massive reactions” take place.A relationship between the degree of graphitization (from 1 to multi-layers of graphene), temperature and SiC crystallinity was found by Raman spectroscopy. 2D-layering phenomenon is enhanced in polycrystalline SiC at high temperature. 相似文献
36.
湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场与应力场相互耦合作用,温度场分布受到多种因素影响,其中压力、旋转速度、润滑流量作为湿式摩擦副工作参数对其温度场的影响尤为显著。在理论分析基础上,采用有限元数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法,对摩擦界面温度场时空分布特性进行研究,同时研究界面温度场在摩擦副工作压力、相对转速和润滑流量作用下的变化规律。研究表明:在对偶钢片和摩擦片近外径侧更易出现高温和应力集中区,且对偶钢片相对于摩擦片更易出现温度和应力分布不均匀情况;温度场中高温集中区与应力场中应力集中区相对应,最大温度随着压力增加、相对转速增大、润滑流量减少而显著上升,该结果得到试验结果的验证。 相似文献
37.
Nilesh P. Vanikar Shantipal S. Ohol Saeede Goldar 《International Journal of Cast Metals Research》2018,31(4):249-259
Bottom pour ladles with stopper rod systems are commonly used in the metal casting industry. However, stopper rod bottom-pouring systems have not yet been developed for the lower thermal masses of alloys typically used in the investment casting industry. Large thermal masses used with bottom pour systems are typically limited for ladles larger than 700 kg and to certain alloys with higher fluidity and longer solidification time like cast iron, aluminum alloys etc. In this study, bottom pour ladle designs and low thermal mass refractory systems have been developed and evaluated in production investment foundry trials with 300 kg pouring ladle. The ladles system and pouring practices used will be described along with the results from the pouring trials for SS304 that represents typical alloys used in Investment casting industries. Optimization of the variables used in an experimentation using Genetic algorithm is also explained. 相似文献
38.
Temperature history can have a significant effect on the strength of water-saturated chalk.In this study,hydrostatic stress cycles are applied to understand the mechanical response of chalk samples exposed to temperature cycling between each stress cycle,compared to the samples tested at a constant temperature.The total accumulated strain during a stress cycle and the irreversible strain are reported.Chalk samples from Kansas(USA)and Mons(Belgium),with different degrees of induration(i.e.amount of contact cementation),were used.The samples were saturated with equilibrated water(polar)and nonpolar Isopar H oil to quantify water weakening.All samples tested during 10 stress cycles with varying temperature(i.e.temperature cycled in between each stress cycle)accumulated more strain than those tested at constant temperatures.All the stress cycles were performed at 30℃.The two chalk types behaved similarly when saturated with Isopar H oil,but differently when saturated with water.When saturated with water,the stronger Kansas chalk accumulated more total strain and more irreversible strain within each stress cycle than the weaker Mons chalk. 相似文献
39.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(15):24204-24212
The effects of in-situ synthesis columnar mullite and pore structure on the hot modulus of rupture (HMOR), thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance of corundum castables have been investigated in this paper. When 2% nano silica was added, the pore diameters of castables could be decreased to 15 nm (at 110 °C), 1 μm (1100 °C) and 6 μm (1500 °C), respectively. The corresponding reducing magnitude of pore size is 98.5%, 83.3% and 33.3%. The HMOR of castables fired at 1500 °C increased by 110% to 3.64 MPa. Furthermore, after three thermal shock cycles, the residual strength ratio of castables increased from 5.2% to 15.3%. A large amount of cross-distributed columnar mullite was formed between nano silica and α-Al2O3 by the two-dimensional nucleation mechanism, which remarkably enhanced the high temperature properties. The penetration index reduced from 30.86% to 19.88%, suggesting that smaller pore size and higher viscosity had a great influence to the penetration process. 相似文献
40.
摘要:为了研究退火温度对镀锌DP980+Z烘烤硬化值的影响,退火温度控制在760~820℃之间,系统分析退火温度对烘烤硬化值的影响。通过准静态拉伸试验机测量烘烤硬化值及抗拉强度,采用lepara试剂对组织中的马氏体进行着色,利用金相显微镜及图像处理软件测量马氏体的体积分数;采用扫描电镜观察DP980+Z的双相组织特点,并且将组织图片通过CAD转化成有限元图进行网格划分,建立代表性体积单元(RVE),通过有限元分析铁素体、马氏体强度对烘烤硬化值的影响。在同样的变形量情况下,DP980+Z的原始屈服强度越高,烘烤硬化值越高。 相似文献