图像分割的新理论和新方法

图像分割是是计算机视觉研究中的一个经典难题,已成为图像理解领域关注的一个热点.本文对近年来图像分割方法的研究现状与新进展进行了归纳总结.首先,简单介绍了图像分割的传统方法,包括基于区域的、基于边缘的和两者结合的图像分割方法.然后,分别从数学形态学、模糊集、神经网络、支持向量机、免疫算法、图论和粒度计算等方面对图像分割方法进行了重点讨论,并对应用每一种理论的最新研究进展作了评述.最后,对图像分割方法的发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于AD9957的双通道高速数字调制信号源设计

介绍了ADI公司具有内部调制功能的高速DDS器件AD9957的特点与应用,并提出了一种全新的高速调制信号源设计方案,给出了硬件结构框图和软件流程,详细介绍了系统工作原理.实践证明,输出正弦波最高频率达400 MHz,调制波调制速度可达1 MHz.     

基于AD9854的非线性调频脉压雷达信号的产生技术

由于非线性调频（NLFM）信号固有的距离旁瓣较低而无需加权处理,避免失配损失而倍受关注。介绍一种基于直接数字频率合成（DDS）的非线性调频信号的硬件系统结构和软件设计方法。该设计主要通过控制DDS器件AD9854,采用折线型逼近方式产生非线性调频信号。实验证明该设计满足要求。     

Z源逆变器拓扑对比研究

针对传统Z源逆变器存在的一些缺陷,有文献研究了Z源逆变器拓扑的改进问题,目前存在两种改进的Z源逆变器拓扑。其中一种将输入电源插入到Z源网络中,带来的优点是输入电流连续,并可以减小其中一个电容的耐压;另一种输入电源与负载位于同一侧,可以减小Z源电容的电压,并可以实现变换器的软启动。本文在分析改进拓扑稳态工作原理的基础上,对三种拓扑进行了对比分析,并给出了仿真和实验研究的结果,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

低信噪比条件下的调制方式识别

传统的调制方式识别方法通常假设接收信号是平稳随机过程,一般要在信噪比不低于10dB时才能取得较高的识别率。本文根据模拟调制信号的谱特性和谱相关特性,给出了低信噪比下的调制方式识别算法,理论分析和仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法,在低信噪比(3dB)条件下,仍然具有很高的识别率。     

甲烷探测系统中干涉噪声的研究

甲烷在近红外波段的探测越来越多,为了补偿弱吸收缺点,使用灵敏度高的谐波检测技术.由于DFB激光器具有长相干的特点,在探测系统中容易产生干涉噪声.本文就气室所造成的干涉噪声进行理论分析,讨论了干涉噪声与正弦调制指数、气室长度的关系.基于这种关系,通过选择恰当的参数来减少干涉噪声.文中指出选用二次谐波来检测气体的原因及减少干涉噪声的方法.介绍了结构简单的聚焦气室,与传统的准直气室相比,具有插入损耗小,噪声低等优点,足多点光纤传感系统的理想选择.     

基于免疫的动态垃圾邮件过滤研究

本文基于生物免疫系统防御机制,探讨了将人工免疫原理应用于垃圾邮件过滤系统(IDSFS),通过动态生成垃圾邮件疫苗,提高系统的检出率.另外,针对传统邮件过滤系统存在的错误肯定率、错误否定率等不足及用户对邮件个性化处理的要求,引入用户反馈机制,使得系统精确率、正确率进一步提高.实验结果表明,该系统具有较强的自学习、自适应能力.     

提高综合脉冲孔径雷达距离分辨力的新方法

综合脉冲孔径雷达（SIAR）是一种新型米波分布阵体制雷达。由于工作在米波段,所以工作带宽受到限制。SIAR应用线性调频与二相码组合而成的新型混合脉冲信号可以获得宽带信号,从而获得高距离分辨力。对其进行了仿真和分析。     

An artificial immune network for multiobjective optimization problems

Multiobjective optimization is an important problem of great complexity and evolutionary algorithms have been established as a dominant approach in the field. This article suggests a method for approximating the Pareto front of a given function based on artificial immune networks. The proposed method uses cloning and mutation on a population of antibodies to create local subsets of the Pareto front. Elements of these local fronts are combined, in a way that maximizes diversity, to form the complete Pareto front of the function. The method is tested on a number of well-known benchmark problems, as well as an engineering problem. Its performance is compared against state-of-the-art algorithms, yielding promising results.     

Novel link adaptation for TETRA cellular systems

One of the main challenges for future wireless systems is to enhance the effective data throughput by exploiting the allocated bandwidth as much as possible. Among several approaches at different layers, one of the most important is constituted by the so‐called link adaptation (LA) techniques. They are characterized by the adaptation of a set of transmission parameters to the channel state in order to improve performance. In this context, this paper is focused on the analysis of a particular class of LA techniques called adaptive modulation and coding, where the modulation and coding rate of transmission can vary according to the channel behavior. In particular, a novel LA algorithm, namely the timed window (TW) method, suitable for time‐division Duplex systems is proposed here. The performance of the TW algorithm is evaluated by taking actual user mobility conditions, communication channel behavior, as well as the physical layer effects into account. Finally, it is important to stress that, even if the wireless bearer considered in this study is TETRA (TErrestrial Trunked RAdio), the approach is quite general and it can be of interest for other wireless networks and can be optimized for different channel models (e.g. TU50, HT200, etc.). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.