Predicting the health risks related to whole-body vibration and shock: a comparison of alternative assessment methods for high-acceleration events in vehicles

In this paper, alternative assessment methods for whole-body vibration and shocks are compared by means of 70 vibration samples measured from 13 work vehicles, deliberately selected to represent periods containing shocks. Five methodologies (ISO 2631-1:1997, BS 6841:1987, ISO 2631-5:2004, DIN SPEC 45697:2012 and one specified by Gunston [2011], ‘G-method’) were applied to the vibration samples. In order to compare different evaluation metrics, limiting exposures were determined by calculating times to reach the upper limit thresholds given in the methods. Over 10-fold shorter times to exposure thresholds were obtained for the tri-axial VDV (BS 6841) than for the dominant r.m.s. (ISO 2631-1) when exposures were of high magnitude or contained substantial shocks. Under these exposure conditions, the sixth power approaches (ISO 2631-5, DIN SPEC, G-method) are more stringent than a fourth power VDV method. The r.m.s. method may lead to misleading outcomes especially if a lengthy measurement includes a small number of severe impacts. In conclusion, methodologies produce different evaluations of the vibration severity depending on the exposure characteristics, and the correct method must be selected.     

无线网络中TCP/NC协议性能分析与仿真验证

为改进传统传输控制协议( TCP)在无线网络中的性能,运用Matlab对TCP Reno,TCP Vegas和基于网络编码的TCP/NC吞吐率分析模型进行数值求解,分析3个模型在不同网络环境下应达到的理论值,验证TCP/NC模型在理论上能否提高其吞吐率。基于NS-2对3种吞吐率模型进行仿真,结果表明,TCP/NC及其分析模型可有效改进TCP协议。     

基于LTC6803串联锂电池组电压检测及均衡系统

针对串联锂电池组管理系统对单体电池电压采集的实时性和精确性的要求,运用凌力尔特公司推出的电池监测专用芯片LTC6803-3,配合STM32系列单片机采用级联的方式实现对大量串联电池组的电压检测,实验验证数据准确.针对串联电池组的不一致性问题,详细分析了现行典型的均衡电路,并运用LTC6803-3设计了一套新型均衡系统,实验验证均衡效果明显.     

某一转炉或精炼炉故障下炼钢-连铸生产重调度方法及应用

炼钢-连铸生产中会出现某一台转炉或精炼炉故障, 目前已有的重调度方法没有考虑多重精炼或只进行了仿真研究, 难以有效应用到具有多重精炼的钢厂, 而采用人工调整方式则容易导致炉次等待时间过长或断浇. 为此,通过引入炉次生产状态参数, 建立0-1 混合整数规划重调度模型, 提出由“未加工”炉次的设备指派、“未加工”炉次的开工时间优化和浇铸时间调整3 部分组成的重调度方法. 将该方法应用于某钢铁厂炼钢-连铸生产调度过程的实际工程应用验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

基于西门子S7－200的工业输油模拟系统

随着近年来对于工控安全方面的关注不断加强,介绍了基于西门子S7－200的工业输油模拟系统,用于工业安全漏洞的测试,系统还原工业输油过程,注重模拟系统的结构搭建。详细论述了模拟系统的硬件设计,上位机软件的设计与实现。介绍了系统监控室、控制室与S7－200的通讯方式以及S7－200的以太网通讯配置过程。     

基于分布估计的二进制人工蜂群算法

为了充分利用种群的全局统计信息,将分布估计算法引入二进制人工蜂群算法,提出一种基于分布估计的二进制人工蜂群算法。该算法利用分布估计算法获得的全局统计信息引导候选解的产生,提高了全局探索能力;采用直接针对离散域的多维邻域更新策略,加快了收敛速度,降低了计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,与传统二进制人工蜂群算法相比,改进算法在优化精度、收敛速度和鲁棒性方面均有明显改善。     

W_nH_2(n=1-6)团簇结构与性能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在LANL2DZ基组水平上对H_2与W_n(n=1-6)团簇的相互作用进行了计算研究。结果表明,W_nH_2体系的最低能量结构是H2分子的解离性吸附,基本是在W_n团簇最低能量结构的基础上吸附H原子生长而成,说明吸附H原子未改变W_n(n=1-6)团簇的结构和形状;W_nH_2团簇的稳定性比W_n团簇要好;NBO分析表明,W原子比H原子对电荷调节能力稍强,较易与其他原子作用形成新的混合团簇。     

中文微博观点句识别及要素抽取研究

研究中文微博情感分析中的观点句识别及要素抽取问题。在观点句识别方面,提出了一种利用微博中的情感词和 情感影响因子计算微博语义情感倾向的新算法;在观点句要素抽取方面,利用主题词分类及关联规则,辅以一系列剪枝、筛选和定界规则抽取评价对象。通过观点句识别和观点句要素抽取结果的相互过滤,进一步提高召回率。实验数据采用第六届中文倾向性分析评测所发布的数据,结果表明,本文方法在观点句识别和要素抽取方面能够取得较好的效果,观点句识别的精确率、召回率入F值分别为95.62%,54.10%及69.10%;观点句要素抽取的精确率、召回率以及F值分别为22.07%,12.66%和16.09%。     

汽车行李箱盖关闭冲击及耐久性分析

基于LS-DYNA提出一种对汽车行李箱盖进行关闭冲击仿真的建模方法.建立密封条和锁总成的详细模型,并根据仿真结果对行李箱盖进行耐久性预测.仿真结果与试验结果的对比验证该模型的准确性.该方法可有效仿真汽车行李箱盖的关闭冲击及耐久性能,提升设计效率.     

A study of 3D cover glass design that improves handheld device drop reliability

Cover glass in commercial handheld devices is now evolving from flat (2D) to curved (3D) shapes. For example, some commercial devices have utilized sled‐shape cover glass, 1 which partially covers long edges of the device. According to the patents published by key handheld manufacturers, 2 , 3 we can expect more variety of 3D shaped cover glass for handheld devices in the market. In this study, we have focused on the reliability of 3D cover glass when it is dropped to a rigid surface. The key parameters under study are the corner/edge bend radius and angle of the cover glass, which determines the 3D shape of the cover glass. To achieve this goal, we developed a finite element model to simulate the drop 4 - 13 of a handheld device with 3D‐shaped glass. The model uses explicit algorithm to simulate the high speed impact on the device during the drop test. The glass performance was evaluated based on contact force between the glass and the ground and maximum principal stress in the glass. We showed that to avoid severe damage because of first impact between the glass and the ground, the bend angle of 3D glass has to be in the range between 0 and 45°. For drop angles of 45° and higher, with the proposed glass bend angle, the impact can be taken over by the edge of the back cover of the device. In addition, we showed that optimum glass bend radius is in the range of 3.8 mm and larger. This is required to reduce stress in glass because of impact. The approach and conclusions from the current study can serve as a general guideline to improve the 3D cover glass reliability of a handheld device.