小浪底工程建设环境影响分析、评价与修复

阐述小浪底水利枢纽工程施工区、库区和移民安置区环境管理体系的建立后,对诱发地震进行监测、引入环境监理机制,加强现场监督协调,对水体、大气、噪声污染采取应对措施,对固体废弃物进行强化处理,开展系统化、规模化的水土保持措施建设和公共健康保障等措施,使小浪底工程建设对生态环境的不利影响得到预防和治理,施工区及周边生态明显改善,移民安置区可能发生环境影响得到有效控制,环境管理工作取得良好的效果。     

宿迁闸除险加固工程影响评价

从经济、社会、环境三个方面分析宿迁闸除险加固工程的影响并构建评价指标体系,应用模糊综合评价法对宿迁闸除险加固工程进行影响评价.结果表明,宿迁闸除险加固工程取得较好的社会效益,对地区经济的发展起到了促进作用,改善了周围生产生活环境.     

引嫩入白供水工程对嫩江鱼类影响分析

引嫩入白供水工程从嫩江引水为白城提供农业灌溉用水、城市饮用水和生态用水.引水时间为4月-10月,枯水期不引水.工程取水对取水前后白沙滩断面水位变化主要集中在5月-7月农业用水期,水位下降将对鱼类的产卵造成一定的不利影响,同时工程取水对下游水生生态环境产生的影响.     

高压切割喷嘴冲击磨损的数值分析

以复用矿井含煤颗粒的水对高压切割喷嘴的磨损物理问题为研究对象,采用计算流体力学理论进行数值计算,分析讨论了质量浓度为10、15、20、25、30、40 mg/L条件下速度、剪应力、磨损的分布以及变化关系。计算、分析结果表明:磨损主要发生在出口部位和锥体的后半部份,入口部份和锥体前半部份磨损较小;入口部位、锥体部位磨损量、剪应力随质量浓度增加变化较小;出口部位磨损量在质量浓度为10～20 mg/L减小较快,超过20 mg/L后变化不大;出口部位流体速度、磨损量、剪应力与质量浓度间存在对应关系。煤粒入口速度与混合物速度相同、锥体部位煤粒流体速度低于锥体部位混合物速度(平均值)约79.4%;煤粒出口部位速度随质量浓度的增大而呈现先增加后减小的趋势,速度最大值发生在浓度20 mg/L。     

经营成本变化对大庄电站经济效益的影响

我国水电蕴藏量居世界首位。近年来水电事业发展迅速,中小型水电项目的经济效益是投资者最为关注的内容,是影响投资者决策的首要因素。本文根据大庄水电站实际年运行费与设计阶段的经营成本对比,分析了经营成本变化的原因以及对项目经济效益的影响。分析结果显示,项目FIRR低于原设计标准,但高于新的财务基准收益率,项目连续亏损尚有其他原因,应做进一步分析。同时提出对经营成本与营业成本两个概念进行理论研究的建议。     

基于声发射和神经网络的复合材料冲击定位

为了提高复合材料结构冲击定位的精度和实时性,基于声发射和神经网络技术,提出了复合材料结构冲击定位两步法,以压电陶瓷（PZT）和自制信号采集系统替代商用声发射仪器,实现了一种能够高精度、实时、在线监测冲击的系统。用小波变换求出原点处冲击源传播到各传感器的波达时间差,用这组时间差修正其他位置上的冲击源到达各传感器的波达时间,利用修正后的波达时间,根据四点圆弧定位算法得到冲击源坐标,实现初步定位;将所求出的位置坐标作为神经网络的输入,训练之后的神经网络可以准确预测冲击位置,实现精确定位。在复合材料板上的试验表明：该方法能快速、准确地识别出冲击位置。     

Safety assessment of the NET Predesign

Work carried out by European Associations on Safety and Environment inside the EC Fusion Technology Programme and by NET has been concentrated on safety-related guidance and on safety assessment of the NET Predesign. Emphasis has been put on analysis of accident sequences of regulatory concern up to worst case accidents, including quantification of consequences to components, systems, and plant, and of doses to the public. Probabilistic safety studies for the most important systems and broadly for the entire plant have been performed to supplement the calculated accidental doses by expectation values for their occurrence rate, and to check the relevance of the reference accident sequences selected initially by judgment. Waste masses per year of operation and for decommissioning have been quantified. For two countries and according to the practices and regulations of these countries, volumes of radioactive waste packaged for final disposal have been determined.Presented at the IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Developments in Fusion Safety, Toronto, June 7–11, 1993.     

类氖钼基态到（n＝3，4）88个能级的碰撞强度

采用“快速”扭曲波方法和程序ＭＣＤＷ（九）,计算了类氖钼基态到８８个（ｎ４）激发态能级的电子碰撞激发截面,并与国外完全相对论理论数据进行了详细比较,一般差别在１０％左右,表明作者发展与建立的一套方法和程序不仅实现了“快速”计算而且有相当高的精度。     

Surface integrity studies on abrasive water jet cutting of AISI D2 steel

This article investigates the 3D surface topography and 2D roughness profiles, and micrographs were analyzed in the abrasive water jet (AWJ) cutting of AISI D2 steel kerf wall cut surfaces by varying water jet pressures and jet impact angles. In 3D surface topography, roughness parameters such as Sq, Ssk, Sp, Sv, Sku, Sz, and Sa were improved by various jet impact angles with different water jet pressures. However, the roughness parameters Ssk and Sku strongly depend on the water jet pressure and jet impact angle. This is confirmed by kerf wall cut profile structures. Fine irregularities of peaks and valleys are found on the AWJ cut surfaces, as evident from 2D roughness profiles. The scanning electron microscope micrographs confirm the production of an upper zone not very much damaged and a lower striation free bottom zone, by using the jet impact angle of 70° with a water jet pressure of 200?MPa. Finally, the results indicate a jet impact angle of 70° maintaining the surface integrity of D2 steel better than normal jet impact angle of 90°. The results are useful in mating applications subjected to wear and friction. This has resulted in enhancement of the functionality of the AWJ machined D2 steel components.     

Social impacts of road traffic: perceptions and priorities of local residents

The assessment of the social impacts of road traffic is usually based on objective indicators or on expert judgement, without input from the affected communities. This paper considers the perceptions and priorities of local residents about traffic impacts and possible mitigation measures, using as a case study a rural area that will be affected by traffic associated with the construction of a nuclear power station. The study consisted of a qualitative phase followed by a stated preference survey. Econometric models were used to measure the relative priority of different impacts and mitigation measures. The most impactful aspects were noise, vibration and increased car or bus travel times. The most preferred measures were night-time restrictions to HGVs, parking restrictions and safety measures for pedestrians and cyclists. There were significant differences in preferences according to residence location, gender, employment status and household composition. The results provide information about aspects that tend to be aggregated in existing assessment frameworks, separating the reduction in the utility of some activities (like walking and driving) and the suppression of those activities.